Population | Characteristic | Female fetuses | Male fetuses | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Control | Smoke-exposed | Control | Smoke-exposed |
Total adrenal samples | N | 29 | 19 | 31 | 30 |
 Maternal indices | Age (years) | 25.5 ± 1.2 | 23 ± 1.2 | 23.8 ± 1.06 | 26.2 ± 1 |
Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 0.8 | 26 ± 1.3 | 26 ± 0.95 | 25.8 ± 1.2 | |
Cigarettes/day | 0 ± 0 | 9.3 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 10.2 ± 1 | |
 Fetal indices | Age (weeks) | 14.6 ± 0.4 | 14.3 ± 0.8 | 14.6 ± 0.6 | 14.6 ± 0.5 |
Weight (g) | 77 ± 13.3 | 75.4 ± 14.1 | 83.4 ± 12 | 91.8 ± 12.9 | |
Crown-rump length (CRL, mm) | 98.7 ± 5.2 | 95.1 ± 5 | 101.4 ± 4.3 | 105.5 ± 5.5 | |
Ponderal index (weight, g/[CRL, cm3]) | 70.2 ± 6.7 | 72.8 ± 5.4 | 68.8 ± 3.3 | 63.2 ± 1.8 | |
Plasma cotinine (ng/mL) | 6.8 ± 3.3 | 30.2 ± 5.4 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 41.6 ± 6.4 | |
Sub-population: plasma steroidsa | N | 14 | 16 | 13 | 17 |
 Maternal indices | Age (years) | 24.3 ± 1.7 | 23.2 ± 1.3 | 24.5 ± 1.8 | 24.7 ± 1.2 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 1.2 | 23.8 ± 1.3 | 26.2 ± 1.4 | 25.3 ± 1.4 | |
Cigarettes/day | 0 ± 0 | 11 ± 1.3 | 0 ± 0 | 12.5 ± 1.1 | |
 Fetal indices | Age (weeks) | 15.6 ± 0.6 | 15.2 ± 0.6 | 15.2 ± 0.6 | 15.1 ± 0.6 |
Weight (g) | 104.8 ± 19.9 | 93.6 ± 16.7 | 101.7 ± 22.5 | 97.1 ± 19.3 | |
CRL (mm) | 109.3 ± 7.7 | 106.9 ± 5.7 | 108 ± 7.4 | 107.2 ± 7.4 | |
Ponderal index (weight, g/[CRL, cm3]) | 64.9 ± 2.6 | 64 ± 2.6 | 73.9 ± 4.7 | 65 ± 2 | |
Plasma cotinine (ng/mL) | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 41.6 ± 2.8 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 48.6 ± 2.2 | |
Sub-population: mRNA/protein/steroidsa | N | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
 Maternal indices | Age (years) | 24.7 ± 1.6 | 23.2 ± 1.4 | 22.9 ± 1.3 | 26.6 ± 1.4 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 0.8 | 26.5 ± 1.4 | 26.23 ± 1.5 | 24.6 ± 1.6 | |
Cigarettes/day | 0 ± 0 | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 0 ± 0 | 12 ± 1.3 | |
 Fetal indices | Age (weeks) | 15.3 ± 0.6 | 15.1 ± 0.6 | 15.2 ± 1.2 | 15.2 ± 0.6 |
Weight (g) | 97 ± 19.5 | 84.8 ± 17 | 94.9 ± 18.8 | 94.7 ± 19.9 | |
CRL (mm) | 106.4 ± 6.8 | 97.4 ± 6.1 | 104.3 ± 6.9 | 102.3 ± 8.7 | |
Ponderal index (weight, g/[CRL, cm3]) | 66.5 ± 2.3 | 75.5 ± 6.7 | 72 ± 4.6 | 67 ± 3.1 | |
Plasma cotinine (ng/mL) | 7.6 ± 4.6 | 30.2 ± 5.4 | 4 ± 1.5 | 50.9 ± 5.7 |