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Fig. 4 | BMC Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Prediction of autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamics: a prospective cohort study

Fig. 4

Cardiovascular parameters during urodynamic investigation by symptomatic vs. asymptomatic AD. Cardiovascular changes in (a) SBP, (b) DBP, and (c) HR in SCI patients with AD who have either presented symptoms (right side in dark blue) or not (left side in Maya blue). At the start of UDI, cardiovascular parameters were not significantly different between both groups. In patients with symptomatic AD, cardiovascular changes in SBP (72, 95% CI 67.6–76.7 vs. 50, 95% CI 45.8–54.8 mmHg), DBP (27, 95% CI 25.0–29.1 vs. 21, 95% CI 18.5–22.6 mmHg) and HR (−19, 95% CI –21.6 to –16.7 vs. −7, 95% CI –9.0 to –4.3) during UDI were significantly different (p < 0.001) compared to those of remaining patients. Each circle represents one patient’s cardiovascular changes during UDI. Error bars represent mean and the 95% CI of cardiovascular changes; i.e., the worse out of two same session UDIs were used. AD autonomic dysreflexia, BPM beats per minute, CI confidence interval, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, SCI spinal cord injury, UDI urodynamic investigation

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