Prediction of autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamics: a prospective cohort study

Table 2 Odds ratios for autonomic dysreflexia during urodynamics

Variable	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p value
Sex
Male^a	1		1
Female	2.1 (1.0–5.1)	0.070	2.0 (0.9–4.9)	0.101
Stage of SCI^b
Acute	1.2 (0.7–2.1)	0.600	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	0.622
Chronic^a	1		1
AIS
A	0.9 (0.5–1.6)	0.719	1.4 (0.7–2.9)	0.700
B	1.2 (0.6–2.6)	0.646	1.7 (0.7–4.3)	0.360
C	1.0 (0.5–2.3)	0.939	1.2 (0.5–2.9)	0.850
D^a	1		1
Complete vs. incomplete SCI
AIS A–B	0.9 (0.5–1.4)	0.510	1.1 (0.7–2.0)	0.657
AIS C–D^a	1		1
Motor complete vs. incomplete SCI
AIS A	1.0 (0.6 – 1.6)	0.880	1.4 (0.8 – 2.6)	0.250
AIS B-D^a	1		1
Lesion level, cutoff at T6
At or above T6	5.5 (3.2–9.4)	< 0.001	6.6 (3.8–11.7)	< 0.001
T7 and below^a	1		1
Lesion level, distributions above T7
C1–C4	13.9 (5.2–48.8)	< 0.001	16.2 (5.9–57.9)	< 0.001
C5–C8	8.5 (3.5–23.8)	< 0.001	12.2 (4.9–35.8)	< 0.001
T1–T3	4.3 (1.8–11.7)	0.002	5.2 (2.1–14.5)	0.001
T4–T6	2.4 (1.3–4.7)	0.007	2.6 (1.3–5.2)	0.006
T7 and below^a	1		1
Presence of NDO during UDI^c
Yes	2.7 (1.4–4.9)	0.002	2.2 (1.1–4.5)	0.030
No^a	1		1

Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) for the categorical variables against its own reference category are highlighted in bold
All values are presented as OR (95% CI)
Bivariate logistic regression analysis between AD and each categorical variable resulted in crude OR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis between AD and all categorical variables including age (as a continuous variable) in one model resulted in adjusted OR
^aReference category
^bSCI defined as “acute” upon 300 days since injury and “chronic” after 300 days according to the European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury (EMSCI, www.emsci.org)
^cIndicating the worse of two same session UDIs
AD autonomic dysreflexia, AIS American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, C cervical, CI confidence interval, NDO neurogenic detrusor overactivity, OR odds ratio, SCI spinal cord injury, T thoracic, UDI urodynamic investigation

ISSN: 1741-7015