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Table 5 Prospective associations between adherence to the diet scores and the incidence of major chronic diseases

From: Nordic diet, Mediterranean diet, and the risk of chronic diseases: the EPIC-Potsdam study

 

Low adherence

Moderate adherence

High

adherence

p for trend

per 1 SD

per 1 unit

(Ref.)

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

DIABETES

 Nordic diet

  Cases, n/person-year

413/80,081

494/85,511

469/80,627

     

  Model 1

1.00

1.04

0.91–1.18

1.00

0.87–1.14

1.000

1.00

0.94–1.05

1.00

0.98–1.02

  Model 2

1.00

1.02

0.89–1.17

1.01

0.87–1.18

0.827

1.00

0.94–1.07

1.00

0.98–1.02

 tMDS

  Cases, n/person-year

445/73,939

578/101,702

353/70,578

     

  Model 1

1.00

0.87

0.77–0.99

0.75

0.65–0.87

< 0.001

0.89

0.84–0.94

0.96

0.94–0.98

  Model 2

1.00

0.92

0.81–1.04

0.84

0.73–0.97

0.019

0.93

0.88–0.98

0.97

0.95–0.99

 MedPyr

  Cases, n/person-year

549/81,156

448/82,176

379/82,887

     

  Model 1

1.00

0.84

0.74–0.96

0.75

0.65–0.84

< 0.001

0.88

0.84–0.93

0.90

0.87–0.94

  Model 2

1.00

0.90

0.79–1.02

0.80

0.70–0.92

0.001

0.92

0.87–0.97

0.93

0.89–0.97

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

 Nordic diet

  Cases, n/person-year

94/81,983

123/87,572

95/82,706

     

  Model 1

1.00

1.11

0.85–1.45

0.85

0.64–1.14

0.272

0.91

0.81–1.02

0.97

0.94–1.01

  Model 2

1.00

1.13

0.85–1.49

0.88

0.64–1.20

0.440

0.91

0.80–1.04

0.97

0.93–1.01

 tMDS

  Cases, n/person-year

91/75,908

137/104,226

84/72,128

     

  Model 1

1.00

0.99

0.76–1.29

0.84

0.62–1.13

0.283

0.91

0.81–1.02

0.97

0.93–1.01

  Model 2

1.00

1.06

0.81–1.39

0.95

0.70–1.28

0.816

0.95

0.85–1.07

0.98

0.94–1.03

 MedPyr

  Cases, n/person-year

122/83,499

105/84,148

85/84,614

     

  Model 1

1.00

0.89

0.69–1.16

0.78

0.59–1.03

0.073

0.89

0.80–1.00

0.91

0.83–1.00

  Model 2

1.00

0.91

0.70–1.19

0.84

0.63–1.11

0.224

0.92

0.82–1.04

0.94

0.85–1.03

STROKE

 Nordic diet

  Cases, n/person-year

108/81,956

100/87,741

113/82,760

     

  Model 1

1.00

0.78

0.59–1.02

0.87

0.66–1.13

0.297

0.92

0.82–1.03

0.97

0.94–1.01

  Model 2

1.00

0.82

0.62–1.09

0.97

0.72–1.31

0.819

0.97

0.85–1.10

0.99

0.95–1.03

 tMDS

  Cases, n/person-year

91/75,836

144/104,416

86/72,204

     

  Model 1

1.00

1.06

0.82–1.38

0.91

0.68–1.22

0.498

0.99

0.88–1.11

1.00

0.96–1.04

  Model 2

1.00

1.10

0.85–1.44

0.98

0.72–1.32

0.832

1.02

0.91–1.14

1.01

0.96–1.05

 MedPyr

  Cases, n/person-year

124/83,599

93/84,291

104/84,566

     

  Model 1

1.00

0.80

0.61–1.04

0.96

0.74–1.25

0.701

0.97

0.87–1.09

0.98

0.90–1.07

  Model 2

1.00

0.83

0.63–1.09

1.03

0.79–1.35

0.870

1.01

0.90–1.13

1.01

0.92–1.10

CANCER

 Nordic diet

  Cases, n/person-year

503/79,442

559/85,025

556/79,872

     

  Model 1

1.00

0.93

0.83–1.05

0.94

0.83–1.06

0.243

0.97

0.92–1.01

0.99

0.97–1.00

  Model 2

1.00

0.95

0.84–1.08

0.99

0.87–1.14

0.774

0.99

0.93–1.05

1.00

0.98–1.01

 tMDS

  Cases, n/person-year

482/73,638

691/100,771

445/769,931

     

  Model 1

1.00

0.98

0.87–1.10

0.91

0.80–1.03

0.119

0.97

0.92–1.02

0.99

0.97–1.01

  Model 2

1.00

1.00

0.89–1.12

0.95

0.83–1.08

0.345

0.99

0.94–1.04

0.99

0.98–1.01

 MedPyr diet

  Cases, n/person-year

571/80,743

556/81,584

491/82,013

     

  Model 1

1.00

1.03

0.92–1.16

0.96

0.85–1.09

0.636

0.99

0.94–1.04

0.99

0.95–1.03

  Model 2

1.00

1.04

0.93–1.17

1.00

0.88–1.13

0.979

1.01

0.96–1.06

1.00

0.96–1.05

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex
  2. Model 2: Model 1 + smoking status, education, total energy (kcal/day), vitamin supplementation, body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), cycling, sports, prevalent hypertension (not in the analyses on cancer), alcohol intake (7 categories) (only for the Nordic diet analysis)
  3. SD standard deviation, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  4. tMDS Mediterranean diet score based on that established by Trichopoulou et al. [30], MedPyr Mediterranean diet score based on the Mediterranean Pyramid