Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults

Table 2 HRs (95% CIs) for incident chronic kidney disease according to HBsAg status among 469,459 participants

	HBsAg negative	HBsAg positive	p value
Whole cohort
Number of cases	4381	174
Cases/PY (1000)	1.07	1.33
Age and sex adjusted	1.00	1.36 (1.17, 1.59)	<0.001
Multivariable adjusted^*	1.00	1.37 (1.18, 1.60)	<0.001
+ Presence of hepatitis or cirrhosis^†	1.00	1.33 (1.14, 1.55)	<0.001
Men
Number of cases	1671	91
Cases/PY (1000)	1.02	1.54
Age adjusted	1.00	1.81 (1.46, 2.24)	<0.001
Multivariable adjusted^*	1.00	1.77 (1.43, 2.20)	<0.001
+ Presence of hepatitis or cirrhosis^†	1.00	1.72 (1.38, 2.14)	<0.001
Women
Number of cases	2710	83
Cases/PY (1000)	1.11	1.15
Age adjusted	1.00	1.08 (0.86, 1.34)	0.517
Multivariable adjusted^*	1.00	1.10 (0.88, 1.36)	0.414
+ Presence of hepatitis or cirrhosis^†	1.00	1.06 (0.85, 1.33)	0.606

CI confidence interval, HBsAg hepatitis virus B surface antigen, HR hazard ratio, PY person-year
^*Multivariable model was adjusted for: age (years); sex (men or women, for whole cohort); level of education (no formal school, primary school, middle school, high school, college, or university or higher); marital status (married, widowed, divorced or separated, or never married); alcohol consumption (less than weekly drinker, weekly drinker, daily drinker with an intake of <15, 15–29, 30–59, or ≥60 g/day); smoking status (nonsmoker, former smoker having quit smoking ≥5 or <5 years previously, or current daily smoker smoking <15, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes or equivalents per day); physical activity (MET-h/day); intake frequencies of red meat, fresh fruit, and fresh vegetables (daily, 4–6 days/week, 1–3 days/week, monthly, or rarely or never); body mass index (kg/m²); menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, or postmenopausal; for women only); prevalent diabetes; and prevalent hypertension at baseline (presence or absence)
^†A composite variable of disease status (absence or presence), duration (< 15 or ≥ 15 years), and treatment status at baseline (no or yes)

ISSN: 1741-7015