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Table 4 HRs (95% CIs) for chronic kidney disease in relation to HBsAg status by potential baseline risk factors among 469,459 participants

From: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and risk of chronic kidney disease: a population-based prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults

Variable of interest

HBsAg

Number of cases

Cases/PY

(1000)

Multiplicative interaction

 

Additive interaction

Stratum-specific HR (95% CI)

p Int-M *

HR (95% CI)

p Int-A

RERI

Attributable proportion, %

HBV infection

Variable of interest

Additive interaction

Daily smoking

 No

Negative

3166

1.09

1.00

0.030

1.00

0.030

0.56

(0.05, 1.07)

25.5

(−5.0, 56.1)

8.2

(− 16.3, 32.6)

66.3

(32.4, 100.3)

 No

Positive

108

1.20

1.20 (0.99, 1.45)

 

1.22 (1.00, 1.47)

 Yes

Negative

1215

1.03

1.00

 

1.07 (0.97, 1.18)

 Yes

Positive

66

1.59

1.83 (1.42, 2.34)

 

1.85 (1.44, 2.38)

Physical inactivity

 No

Negative

2721

0.99

1.00

0.003

1.00

0.004

0.72 (0.23, 1.21)

15.9

(−10.6, 42.3)

5.0

(−18.4, 28.4)

79.1

(50.5, 107.7)

 No

Positive

97

1.07

1.15 (0.94, 1.41)

 

1.14 (0.93, 1.40)

 Yes

Negative

1660

1.24

1.00

 

1.05 (0.97, 1.12)

 Yes

Positive

77

1.90

1.80 (1.43, 2.27)

 

1.91 (1.52, 2.40)

Prevalent diabetes

 No

Negative

3519

0.91

1.00

0.068

1.00

0.012

2.45

(0.53, 4.38)

5.4

(0.7, 10.2)

46.6 (25.9, 67.2)

48.0 (27.7, 68.3)

 No

Positive

134

1.07

1.28 (1.07, 1.52)

 

1.28 (1.08, 1.52)

 Yes

Negative

862

4.11

1.00

 

3.38 (3.13, 3.66)

 Yes

Positive

40

6.54

1.77 (1.28, 2.44)

 

6.11 (4.47, 8.36)

  1. CI confidence interval, HBsAg hepatitis virus B surface antigen, HR hazard ratio, PY person-year, RERI relative excess risk due to interaction
  2. *p value for multiplicative interaction
  3. p value for additive interaction
  4. Defined as <13.4 or <12.4 MET-h/day for men or women respectively
  5. Multivariable model was adjusted for: age (years); sex (men or women, for whole cohort); level of education (no formal school, primary school, middle school, high school, college, or university or higher); marital status (married, widowed, divorced or separated, or never married); alcohol consumption (less than weekly drinker, weekly drinker, daily drinker with an intake of <15, 15–29, 30–59, or ≥60 g/day); intake frequencies of red meat, fresh fruit, and fresh vegetables (daily, 4–6 days/week, 1–3 days/week, monthly, rarely, or never); body mass index (kg/m2); menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, or postmenopausal; for women only); and prevalent hypertension at baseline (presence or absence). The variables of smoking status (nonsmoker, former smoker having quit smoking ≥5 or <5 years previously, or current daily smoker smoking <15, 15–24, or ≥25 cigarettes or equivalents per day), physical activity (MET-h/day), and prevalent diabetes were adjusted for in the multivariable model except for their own subgroup analysis