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Table 2 Characteristics of 23 included studies

From: Gestational weight gain across continents and ethnicity: systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and infant outcomes in more than one million women

Study

Country

Study period

Study design

Sample size

Setting

Outcomes

Durst, 2016 [20]

USA

2000–2014

Retrospective

5651

University of Alabama, Birmingham

SGA, LGA, macrosomia, caesarean section

Enomoto, 2016 [19]

Japan

2013

Retrospective

97,157

Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Registry system with 280 participating hospitals

SGA, preterm birth, LGA, macrosomia, caesarean

Hung, 2016 [21]

Taiwan

2009–2015

Retrospective

10,973

Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

SGA, LGA, macrosomia, caesarean section

Xionge, 2016 [36]

China

2012–2013

Prospective

57,891

Hospitals and community centres

Caesarean section

Bogaerts, 2015 [35]

Belgium

2009–2011

Retrospective

18,053

Flemish study center for perinatal

Caesarean section, macrosomia, LGA

Shin, 2015 [33]

USA

2004–2011

Retrospective

219,868

Pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS)

Preterm birth, SGA, LGA

Wene, 2015 [16]

China

2009–2013

Retrospective

13,776

Jishuitan Hospital

Preterm birth

Yange, 2015 [31]

China

2011–2013

Prospective

85,765

Wuhan Women and Children Health Care Center

Macrosomia

Badon, 2014 [14]

USA

2000–2006

Prospective

5297

North American Field Centers, HAPO

LGA

Chihara, 2014 [17]

USA

2003–2005

Retrospective

19,130

Hawaii’s special supplemental program for women, infants and children (WIC)

Macrosomia

Haugenc, 2014 [25]

Norway

1999–2008

Prospective

56,082

Norwegian Mother and Child cohort study

Macrosomia, caesarean section

Leed, 2014 [34]

Korea

2010–2012

Retrospective

16,297

Single medical centre

LGA

Swank, 2014 [32]

USA

2007

Retrospective

1034

Californian birth certificate data

Caesarean, macrosomia

Black, 2013 [23]

USA

2005–2010

Retrospective

9835

Kaiser Permanente Southern California

LGA (provided additional outcomes in reanalysis incl. SGA, preterm, macrosomia and caesarean section

Kominiarekb, 2013 [18]

USA

2002–2008

Retrospective

21,020

12 institutions (19 hospitals)

Caesarean section, SGA, LGA, macrosomia

Lia, 2013 [26]

China

2009–2011

Retrospective

33,973

Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Centre

Caesarean, preterm delivery, LGA, SGA macrosomia

Di Benedetto, 2012 [24]

Italy

2004–2009

Retrospective

2225

University Hospital

Macrosomia, caesarean section

Moore Simas, 2012 [29]

USA

2006–2010

Retrospective

11,203

University Hospital

SGA, LGA

Blomberg, 2011 [15]

Sweden

1993–2008

Retrospective

46,595

Swedish Medical birth registry

Caesarean, LGA, SGA

J Parkd, 2011 [12]

Korea

2005–2007

Retrospective

2311

University Hospital

SGA, LGA, macrosomia, caesarean section, preterm birth

S Park, 2011 [27]

USA

2004–2007

Retrospective

570,672

Florida birth certificate data

SGA, LGA

Vesco, 2011 [30]

USA

2000–2005

Retrospective

2080

Kaiser Permanente group practice

Macrosomia, LGA, SGA

Rode, 2007 [28]

Denmark

1996–1998

Prospective

2248

University Hospital

Macrosomia

  1. aData according to both Chinese and WHO BMI categories (Chinese used here)
  2. bSample size changed when provided additional data, OR not recalculated
  3. cSample size changed when provided additional data
  4. dData according to both Korean and WHO BMI categories (Korean used here)
  5. eData according to Chinese BMI categories
  6. HAPO Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, NR not reported