| APHIRST validation | APHIRST comparison | SNC |
---|---|---|---|
n = 20,137 | n = 18,913 | n = 19,007 | |
DEMOGRAPHICS | |||
 Mean age | 5.7 (sd 4.7) | 5.7 (sd 4.6) | 5.7 (sd 4.6) |
 < 2 years | 5374 (26.7%) | 5046 (26.7%) | 5067 (26.7%) |
 ≥ 2 years | 14,763 (73.3%) | 13,867 (73.3%) | 13,940 (73.3%) |
 Boys | 12,828 (63.7%) | 12,073 (63.8%) | 12,136 (63.9%) |
 Girls | 7309 (36.3%) | 6840 (36.2%) | 6871 (36.1%) |
Injury mechanism | |||
 Fall | 14,119 (70.1%) | 13,337 (70.5%) | 13,401 (70.5%) |
 Motor vehicle incident | 849 (4.2%) | 745 (3.9%) | 759 (4.0%) |
 High-impact projetile or object | 1320 (6.6%) | 1228 (6.5%) | 1232 (6.5%) |
 Suspected non-accidental injury | 112 (0.6%) | 81 (0.4%) | 85 (0.4%) |
 High-energy/velocity trauma | 1669 (8.3%) | 1523 (8.1%) | 1543 (8.1%) |
Predictor examples | |||
 GCS3–8 | 121 (0.6%) | – | – |
 GCS 9–13 | 231 (1.2%) | 132 (0.7%) | 226 (1.2%) |
 GCS 14 | 578 (2.9%) | 567 (3.0%) | 567 (3.0%) |
 GCS 15 | 19,207 (95.4%) | 18,214 (96.3%) | 18,214 (95.8%) |
 LOC | 2707 (13.5%) | 2468 (13.0%) | 2506 (13.2%) |
 Vomiting | 3452 (17.1%) | 3094 (16.4%) | 3138 (16.5%) |
 Headache | 4127 (20.5%) | 3785 (20.0%) | 3810 (20.0%) |
 Multiple risk factors | 2597 (12.9%) | 2324 (12.3%) | 2359 (12.4%) |
Outcomes | |||
 Cranial CT | 2106 (10.5%) | 1691 (8.9%) | 1760 (9.3%) |
 Admission | 4544 (22.6%) | 4164 (22.0%) | 4229 (22.2%) |
 ER discharge | 15,594 (77.4%) | 14,749 (78.0%) | 14,778 (77.8%) |
 Neurosurgery | 83 (0.4%) | 24 (0.1%) | 32 (0.2%) |
 Death | 15 (0.1%) | 1 (< 0.01%) | 1 (< 0.01%) |
 Clinically important TBI (PECARN) | 280 (1.4%) | 160 (0.8%) | 183 (1.0%) |
 Clinically significant intracranial injury (CHALICE) | 403 (2.0%) | 251 (1.3%) | 276 (1.5%) |