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Table 2 Patient characteristics in the entire Australasian Paediatric Head Injury Rules Study (APHIRST) cohort, the APHIRST comparison cohort and the patients eligible for the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee (SNC) guideline

From: External validation of the Scandinavian guidelines for management of minimal, mild and moderate head injuries in children

 

APHIRST validation

APHIRST comparison

SNC

n = 20,137

n = 18,913

n = 19,007

DEMOGRAPHICS

 Mean age

5.7 (sd 4.7)

5.7 (sd 4.6)

5.7 (sd 4.6)

 < 2 years

5374 (26.7%)

5046 (26.7%)

5067 (26.7%)

 ≥ 2 years

14,763 (73.3%)

13,867 (73.3%)

13,940 (73.3%)

 Boys

12,828 (63.7%)

12,073 (63.8%)

12,136 (63.9%)

 Girls

7309 (36.3%)

6840 (36.2%)

6871 (36.1%)

Injury mechanism

 Fall

14,119 (70.1%)

13,337 (70.5%)

13,401 (70.5%)

 Motor vehicle incident

849 (4.2%)

745 (3.9%)

759 (4.0%)

 High-impact projetile or object

1320 (6.6%)

1228 (6.5%)

1232 (6.5%)

 Suspected non-accidental injury

112 (0.6%)

81 (0.4%)

85 (0.4%)

 High-energy/velocity trauma

1669 (8.3%)

1523 (8.1%)

1543 (8.1%)

Predictor examples

 GCS3–8

121 (0.6%)

–

–

 GCS 9–13

231 (1.2%)

132 (0.7%)

226 (1.2%)

 GCS 14

578 (2.9%)

567 (3.0%)

567 (3.0%)

 GCS 15

19,207 (95.4%)

18,214 (96.3%)

18,214 (95.8%)

 LOC

2707 (13.5%)

2468 (13.0%)

2506 (13.2%)

 Vomiting

3452 (17.1%)

3094 (16.4%)

3138 (16.5%)

 Headache

4127 (20.5%)

3785 (20.0%)

3810 (20.0%)

 Multiple risk factors

2597 (12.9%)

2324 (12.3%)

2359 (12.4%)

Outcomes

 Cranial CT

2106 (10.5%)

1691 (8.9%)

1760 (9.3%)

 Admission

4544 (22.6%)

4164 (22.0%)

4229 (22.2%)

 ER discharge

15,594 (77.4%)

14,749 (78.0%)

14,778 (77.8%)

 Neurosurgery

83 (0.4%)

24 (0.1%)

32 (0.2%)

 Death

15 (0.1%)

1 (< 0.01%)

1 (< 0.01%)

 Clinically important TBI (PECARN)

280 (1.4%)

160 (0.8%)

183 (1.0%)

 Clinically significant intracranial injury (CHALICE)

403 (2.0%)

251 (1.3%)

276 (1.5%)

  1. GCS Glasgow Come Scale, ER emergency room, LOC loss of consciousness, CT computed tomography, TBI traumatic brain injury, PECARN Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network, CHALICE Children’s Head Injury Algorithm for the Prediction of Important Clinical Events, NS neurosurgery, ciTBI clinically important traumatic brain injury, sd standard deviation