Table 2 Number of participants with abnormal range of daily nutrient intakes by frailty level
From: Frailty, nutrition-related parameters, and mortality across the adult age spectrum
Nutrients, N (%)* | Frailty index score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤ 0.1 N = 5119 | > 0.1 to 0.2 N = 2009 | > 0.2 to 0.3 N = 1014 | > 0.3 N = 888 | ||
Energy (N = 8614) | Low | 2218 (44.4) | 1157 (55.3) | 297 (63.8) | 203 (71.7) |
Energy per weight (N = 8510) | Low | 1950 (39.8) | 1051 (54.1) | 605 (60.9) | 566 (69.7) |
High | 1479 (30.8) | 307 (17.4) | 108 (13.9) | 64 (7.9) | |
Protein (N = 8614) | Low | 821 (15.6) | 450 (20.9) | 297 (27.5) | 303 (33.5) |
Protein per weight (N = 8510) | Low | 1524 (29.0) | 955 (46.8) | 563 (55.0) | 524 (63.6) |
Carbohydrate (N = 8614) | Low | 1068 (22.8) | 608 (31.1) | 357 (35.5) | 360 (41.2) |
Simple sugar (N = 8614) | High | 4633 (94.6) | 1778 (92.9) | 896 (93.1) | 758 (91.7) |
Dietary fiber per energy (N = 8613) | Low | 4590 (94.6) | 1713 (91.0) | 870 (91.9) | 755 (92.8) |
Percentage of fat (N = 8614) | Low | 119 (2.0) | 83 (3.6) | 41 (4.2) | 46 (4.6) |
High | 4413 (91.1) | 1650 (88.1) | 799 (85.0) | 670 (82.7) | |
Percentage of saturated fat (N = 8613) | High | 2827 (59.6) | 1078 (59.0) | 554 (57.4) | 479 (60.8) |
Cholesterol (N = 8614) | High | 1924 (39.2) | 652 (33.4) | 312 (30.9) | 255 (28.5) |
Vitamin A, RAE (N = 8614) | Low | 3725 (75.0) | 1502 (76.8) | 745 (76.1) | 647 (76.7) |
High | 31 (0.7) | 5 (0.1) | 11 (1.0) | 4 (0.5) | |
Vitamin C (N = 8614) | Low | 2903 (62.2) | 1165 (61.8) | 598 (63.2) | 516 (65.1) |
High | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |
Vitamin E (N = 8614) | Low | 4548 (92.4) | 1814 (93.2) | 931 (94.9) | 802 (95.9) |
Vitamin K (N = 8614) | Low | 3754 (74.4) | 1503 (76.0) | 776 (78.0) | 679 (80.6) |
Thiamin (N = 8614) | Low | 1411 (27.3) | 700 (34.3) | 362 (35.2) | 375 (42.6) |
Riboflavin (N = 8614) | Low | 831 (14.5) | 359 (15.7) | 189 (17.4) | 212 (23.6) |
Niacin (N = 8614) | Low | 981 (18.0) | 544 (25.3) | 301 (26.2) | 332 (37.1) |
High | 1020 (23.0) | 223 (13.1) | 95 (13.0) | 65 (8.7) | |
Pyridoxine (N = 8614) | Low | 1596 (32.2) | 898 (43.7) | 507 (47.9) | 470 (54.0) |
Folate (N = 8614) | Low | 2751 (54.8) | 1236 (63.3) | 658 (64.6) | 606 (71.3) |
High | 138 (3.2) | 38 (2.1) | 19 (2.7) | 10 (1.3) | |
Cobalamin (N = 8614) | Low | 1252 (24.5) | 593 (28.5) | 307 (30.5) | 287 (32.8) |
Calcium (N = 8614) | Low | 3150 (63.7) | 1457 (73.4) | 787 (78.4) | 698 (81.0) |
High | 125 (2.8) | 30 (1.8) | 9 (1.2) | 4 (0.8) | |
Phosphorous (N = 8614) | Low | 551 (10.1) | 322 (14.7) | 187 (18.5) | 217 (24.7) |
High | 29 (0.5) | 8 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Magnesium (N = 8614) | Low | 3656 (74.2) | 1526 (76.9) | 828 (82.7) | 731 (87.1) |
Iron (N = 8614) | Low | 1750 (34.7) | 579 (30.7) | 223 (23.3) | 228 (29.0) |
High | 65 (1.4) | 21 (1.1) | 7 (1.0) | 5 (0.7) | |
Zinc (N = 8614) | Low | 1863 (36.3) | 898 (42.8) | 531 (49.7) | 468 (52.5) |
High | 56 (1.2) | 14 (0.8) | 8 (1.0) | 3 (0.3) | |
Copper (N = 8614) | Low | 1322 (25.5) | 663 (31.9) | 369 (34.8) | 379 (44.4) |
High | 10 (0.3) | 1 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | |
Sodium (N = 8614) | Low | 359 (6.2) | 183 (8.0) | 81 (7.5) | 117 (12.4) |
High | 3742 (79.2) | 1219 (65.8) | 599 (64.5) | 435 (54.2) | |
Potassium (N = 8614) | Low | 4484 (91.4) | 1799 (92.4) | 935 (95.6) | 810 (96.7) |
Selenium (N = 8614) | Low | 571 (10.8) | 344 (16.9) | 203 (20.4) | 228 (26.4) |
High | 15 (0.3) | 8 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Caffeine (N = 8614) | High | 489 (14.2) | 191 (13.5) | 82 (12.3) | 80 (11.4) |
Alcohol (N = 8614) | High | 885 (21.7) | 270 (16.8) | 111 (12.9) | 59 (8.8) |
Linoleic acid (N = 8614) | Low | 2414 (47.9) | 1030 (51.3) | 562 (54.7) | 531 (62.1) |
α-Linolenic acid (N = 8614) | Low | 2491 (49.8) | 1100 (53.8) | 603 (58.4) | 552 (63.9) |
Fish oil (N = 8614) | Low | 4343 (88.7) | 1700 (88.5) | 872 (90.6) | 764 (91.1) |