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Table 1 Factors affecting the immunogenicity of RTS,S/AS01E. Multivariable linear models including RTS,S/AS01E vaccinees at month 3

From: Baseline exposure, antibody subclass, and hepatitis B response differentially affect malaria protective immunity following RTS,S/AS01E vaccination in African children

Isotype

Antigen

Age*

Site

Prior episode†

Season

Baseline Ig

Exposure index

Sex

Hb

WAZ

HAZ

IgG

CSP FL

1.21 (0;2.43), 0.05

         

CSP C-term

1.1 (0.01;2.2), 0.048

 

99.08 (− 16.6;375.18), 0.12

 

− 43.99 (− 69.72;3.61), 0.06

  

− 13.8 (− 28.2;3.5), 0.11

  

CSP NANP

1.55 (0.3;2.82), 0.02

   

− 46.15 (− 65.99;-14.73), 0.009

  

− 14.99 (− 30.87;4.5), 0.12

  

HBsAg

3.97 (2.83;5.12), < 0.001

93.14 (9.18;241.67), 0.02

238.29 (29.17;785.95), 0.01

    

− 18.02 (− 32.07;− 1.06), 0.04

  

IgG1

CSP FL

        

− 21.26 (− 41.39;5.8), 0.11

 

CSP C-term

1.54 (0.17;2.94), 0.03

91.17 (− 7.67;295.82), 0.08

166.93 (− 18.55;774.83), 0.1

     

− 21.42 (− 42.4;7.22), 0.13

 

CSP NANP

    

− 44.3 (− 63.7;-14.7), 0.08

8.62 (0.4;17.5), 0.04

    

HBsAg

4.28 (3.09;5.49), < 0.001

90.61 (4.9;246.35), 0.03

161.88 (− 4.42;617.53), 0.06

    

− 17.52 (− 32.3;0.43), 0.005

  

IgG2

CSP FL

 

− 69.3 (− 78.86;-55.43), < 0.001

   

3.28 (− 7.2;0.8), 0.11

    

CSP C-term

 

− 74.77 (− 84.4;-59.2), < 0.001

        

CSP NANP

1.2 (0.25;2.16), 0.01

− 45.45 (− 66.66;− 10.72), 0.02

  

30.86 (− 8.56;87.27), 0.14

− 5.93 (− 10.55;-1.07), 0.02

25.18 (− 6.89;68.29), 0.14

 

− 24.23 (− 37.63;− 7.94), 0.006

 

HBsAg

2.45 (1.75;3.15), < 0.001

   

318.44 (234.5;423), < 0.001

     

IgG3

CSP FL

  

144.38 (− 20.29;649.19), 0.12

     

− 22.63 (− 43.2;5.31), 0.1

 

CSP C-term

1.05 (− 0.17;2.29), 0.09

    

5.84 (− 0.92;13.06), 0.09

    

CSP NANP

1.38 (− 0.13;2.91), 0.07

 

197.82 (− 8.62;870.67), 0.07

    

− 23.08 (− 40.14;− 1.15), 0.041

  

HBsAg

1.96 (1.23;2.71), < 0.001

        

20.89 (3.3;41.43), 0.002

IgG4

CSP FL

 

− 52.07 (− 75.66;− 5.61), 0.03

123.51 (− 21.64;537.55), 0.13

  

8.6 (1.45;16.2), 0.02

   

− 22.32 (− 40.8;2.03), 0.07

CSP C-term

0.93 (− 0.38;2.25), 0.16

72.93 (− 13.56;245.99), 0.12

215.08 (0.49;887.87), 0.049

 

− 49.59 (− 76.34;7.39), 0.08

   

− 26.52 (− 45.39;− 1.14), 0.042

 

CSP NANP

  

304.28 (72.25;848.85), 0.002

       

HBsAg

0.57 (0.33;0.82), < 0.001

18.49 (4.39;34.49), 0.009

19.24 (− 2.74;46.19), 0.09

 

55.36 (− 6.46;158.1), 0.09

  

− 4 (− 7.75;− 0.1), 0.045

8.14 (1.42;15.3), 0.02

− 5.15 (− 11.05;1.14), 0.11

IgM

CSP FL

   

− 76.82 (− 96.23;42.51), 0.11

   

− 14.68 (− 27.4;0.32), 0.055

  

CSP C-term

 

62.15 (6.71;146.4), 0.02

95.03 (− 0.67;282.94), 0.052

    

− 18.52 (− 28.3;− 7.4), 0.002

 

− 12.64 (− 26.4;3.73), 0.12

CSP NANP

1.07 (0.05;2.09), 0.04

         

HBsAg

2.17 (0.87;3.48), 0.001

212.61 (97.4;395.11), < 0.001

190.2 (38.4;508.6), 0.005

 

120.31 (49.19;225), < 0.001

  

− 15.86 (− 27.03;− 2.99), 0.02

 

− 15.53 (− 30.01;1.95), 0.08

  1. The coefficients indicate the percent change for a unit change in the predictor (95% confidence intervals), the p values indicated are for statistically significant covariates (in italics) and for those that improved the model. Malaria transmission season at month 3 sample collection (low vs high). Baseline antibodies to the same Ig/antigen. Baseline anti-P. falciparum exposure IgM levels (exposure PC1 index).
  2. Sex male vs female, Hb,g/dL baseline hemoglobin, WAZ weight-for-age Z scores, HAZ height-for-age Z scores
  3. *Continuous age at weeks. Site (Manhiça vs Kintampo)
  4. †Malaria episode between month 0 and month 3 (yes vs no)
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