Preclinical study | Phase I/II non-randomized trial | Phase III/IV RCT | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spin (N = 150) | No spin* (N = 150) | Total (N = 299) | Spin (N = 150) | No spin (N = 150) | Total (N = 300) | Spin (N = 150) | No spin (N = 150) | Total (N = 300) | |
Participants | |||||||||
Patient | 142 (94.6%) | 138 (92.6%) | 280 (93.7%) | 134 (89.3%) | 136 (90.7%) | 270 (90%) | 135 (90%) | 137 (91.3%) | 272 (90.7%) |
Caregiver | 4 (2.7%) | 5 (3.4%) | 9 (3.0%) | 9 (6.0%) | 8 (5.3%) | 17 (5.7%) | 10 (6.7%) | 9 (6.0%) | 19 (6.3%) |
Others | 4 (2.7%) | 6 (4.0%) | 10 (3.3%) | 7 (4.7%) | 6 (4.0%) | 13 (4.3%) | 5 (3.3%) | 4 (2.7%) | 9 (3.0%) |
Age | |||||||||
18–29 | 1 (0.7%) | 5 (3.4%) | 6 (2.0%) | 5 (3.3%) | 2 (1.3%) | 7 (2.3%) | 2 (1.3%) | 3 (2.0%) | 5 (1.6%) |
30–49 | 26 (17.3%) | 24 (16.1%) | 50 (16.7%) | 20 (13.3%) | 22 (14.7%) | 42 (14.0%) | 29 (19.4%) | 27 (18.0%) | 56 (18.7%) |
50–69 | 88 (58.7%) | 90 (60.4%) | 178 (59.5%) | 95 (63.4%) | 90 (60.0%) | 185 (61.7%) | 102 (68.0%) | 90 (60.0%) | 192 (64.0%) |
≥ 70 | 35 (23.3%) | 30 (20.1%) | 65 (21.7%) | 30 (20.0%) | 36 (24.0%) | 66 (22.0%) | 17 (11.3%) | 30 (20.0%) | 47 (15.7%) |
Sex (female) | 123 (82.0%) | 119 (79.9%) | 242 (80.9%) | 143 (95.3%) | 134 (89.3%) | 277 (92.3%) | 120 (80.0%) | 125 (83.3%) | 245 (81.7%) |
Frequency of reading news stories | |||||||||
Never | 1 (0.7%) | 3 (2.0%) | 4 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (0.7%) |
1/month | 4 (2.7%) | 4 (2.7%) | 8 (2.7%) | 9 (6.0%) | 9 (6.0%) | 18 (6.0%) | 4 (2.7%) | 2 (1.3%) | 6 (2.0%) |
1/week | 14 (9.3%) | 17 (11.4%) | 31 (10.4%) | 21 (14.0%) | 10 (6.7%) | 31 (10.3%) | 15 (10.0%) | 20 (13.3%) | 35 (11.7%) |
Daily | 131 (87.3%) | 125 (83.9%) | 256 (85.6%) | 120 (80.0%) | 130 (86.6%) | 250 (83.4%) | 130 (86.6%) | 127 (84.7%) | 257 (85.6%) |
Rely on health news stories to make decisions about health | 86 (57.3%) | 80 (53.7%) | 166 (55.5%) | 88 (58.7%) | 98 (65.3%) | 186 (62.0%) | 89 (59.3%) | 83 (55.3%) | 172 (57.3%) |
Primary source of information about new treatments | |||||||||
Online health news | 62 (41.3%) | 62 (41.6%) | 124 (41.5%) | 76 (50.7%) | 68 (45.3%) | 144 (48.0%) | 65 (43.3%) | 55 (36.7%) | 120 (40.0%) |
Physicians | 63 (42.0%) | 59 (39.6%) | 122 (40.8%) | 44 (29.3%) | 50 (33.3%) | 94 (31.3%) | 55 (36.7%) | 62 (41.3%) | 117 (39.0%) |
Family or friends | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (0.7%) | 4 (2.7%) | 2 (1.4%) | 6 (2.0%) | 3 (2.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 4 (1.3%) |
Television | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (1.3%) | 3 (1.0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.7%) | 4 (2.7%) | 5 (1.7%) |
Social media | 7 (4.7%) | 8 (5.4%) | 15 (5.0%) | 8 (5.3%) | 6 (4.0%) | 14 (4.7%) | 12 (8.0%) | 6 (4.0%) | 18 (6.0%) |
Others | 16 (10.6%) | 17 (11.4%) | 33 (11.0%) | 17 (11.3%) | 24 (16.0%) | 41 (13.7%) | 14 (9.3%) | 22 (14.6%) | 36 (12.0%) |