Fig. 5

Grouped CVD subtype outcomes by age at smoking cessation, among past smokers, compared to never smokers. a Combined fatal and non-fatal outcomes. b Fatal outcomes only. *Age-sex-standardised rate per 1000 person-years. RR (relative risk) adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, alcohol consumption, annual household income and education attainment; adjustment for sex is through stratification for outcomes of IHD, AMI, non-AMI IHD, heart failure and major CVD in a and IHD, non-AMI IHD and major CVD in b. They are plotted on a log scale against median values of age categories for stopping smoking (< 25 years old, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54). Dotted lines above the reference lines show RRs for current smokers relative to never smokers. Note different scales used for y-axis, see Fig. 1 for details of RR plots and outcome definitions