Table 2 Leeds data: Agreement between admissions and cases with coding combinations with short admissions, readmission and elective admissions removed

From: ‘Caveat emptor’: the cautionary tale of endocarditis and the potential pitfalls of clinical coding data—an electronic health records study

Codes used	Removal of admissions with:
Codes used	< 3 day LOS	Readmissions < 30 days	Elective status	True positive	False positive	True negative	False negative	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
I33.0 primary only				433	97	1664	568	0.43	0.95	0.82	0.75
I33.0 primary only	✓			431	67	1694	570	0.43	0.96	0.87	0.75
I33.0 primary only	✓	✓		426	65	1696	575	0.43	0.96	0.87	0.75
I33.0 primary only	✓	✓	✓	406	57	1704	595	0.41	0.97	0.88	0.74
All primary codes				562	178	1583	439	0.56	0.90	0.76	0.78
All primary codes	✓			559	114	1647	442	0.56	0.94	0.83	0.79
All primary codes	✓	✓		552	111	1650	449	0.55	0.94	0.83	0.79
All primary codes	✓	✓	✓	529	96	1665	472	0.53	0.95	0.85	0.78
I33.0 in any position				549	162	1599	452	0.55	0.91	0.77	0.78
I33.0 in any position	✓			547	125	1636	454	0.55	0.93	0.81	0.78
I33.0 in any position	✓	✓		540	117	1644	461	0.54	0.93	0.82	0.78
I33.0 in any position	✓	✓	✓	514	102	1659	487	0.51	0.94	0.83	0.77
All primary and I33.0 secondary				669	242	1519	332	0.67	0.86	0.73	0.82
All primary and I33.0 secondary	✓			666	172	1589	335	0.67	0.90	0.80	0.83
All primary and I33.0 secondary	✓	✓		658	163	1598	343	0.66	0.91	0.80	0.82
All primary and I33.0 secondary	✓	✓	✓	629	141	1620	372	0.63	0.92	0.82	0.81
All codes except I38 secondary				697	299	1462	304	0.70	0.83	0.70	0.83
All codes except I38 secondary	✓			694	209	1552	307	0.69	0.88	0.77	0.84
All codes except I38 secondary	✓	✓		686	196	1565	315	0.69	0.89	0.78	0.83
All codes except I38 secondary	✓	✓	✓	653	168	1593	348	0.65	0.91	0.80	0.82
All codes				738	943	818	263	0.74	0.47	0.44	0.76
All codes	✓			735	573	1188	266	0.73	0.68	0.56	0.82
All codes	✓	✓		726	538	1223	275	0.73	0.69	0.57	0.82
All codes	✓	✓	✓	693	487	1274	308	0.69	0.72	0.59	0.81

Note: Total number of clinically confirmed endocarditis cases = true positives + false negatives (1001); total number of endocarditis admissions = sum of all four columns (2762)

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