Table 2 Global and regional stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden from 1990 to 2017
Measure/region | Age | Metric name | All-type stroke | Ischaemic stroke | Intracerebral haemorrhage | Subarachnoid haemorrhage | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | Mean (95% uncertainty interval) | |||||||||||
1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | 1990 | 2017 | Percent change | |||
Incidence | ||||||||||||||
 Global | Age-standardised | Rate | 169.6 (160.3 to 179.4) | 150.5 (140.3 to 161.8) | − 11 (− 13 to − 9) | 98.7 (89.9 to 108.4) | 98 (88.1 to 109.7) | − 1 (− 4 to 3) | 56.9 (53.6 to 60.4) | 39.3 (36.2 to 42.9) | − 31 (− 33 to − 29) | 14.1 (12.4 to 16.4) | 13.2 (11.8 to 14.6) | − 7 (− 15 to − 4) |
Female to male ratio | 0.89 | 0.84 | − 6 | 0.90 | 0.83 | − 8 | 0.79 | 0.73 | − 8 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 6.8 (6.4 to 7.2) | 11.9 (11.1 to 12.8) | 76 (71 to 80) | 3.9 (3.5 to 4.3) | 7.7 (7 to 8.7) | 101 (94 to 108) | 2.3 (2.2 to 2.5) | 3.1 (2.9 to 3.4) | 34 (30 to 39) | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) | 1.1 (1 to 1.2) | 73 (55 to 79) | |
Rate | 125.9 (118.9 to 133.6) | 156.2 (145.5 to 167.9) | 24 (21 to 27) | 71.4 (64.6 to 78.9) | 101.3 (91 to 113.6) | 42 (37 to 47) | 43.2 (40.6 to 45.9) | 40.9 (37.6 to 44.7) | − 5 (− 8 to − 2) | 11.4 (10 to 13.4) | 13.9 (12.5 to 15.5) | 22 (10 to 26) | ||
 World Bank low income | Age-standardised | Rate | 152.9 (144.6 to 162) | 129.7 (120.7 to 139.8) | − 15 (− 17 to − 13) | 78.1 (70.6 to 86.5) | 75 (66.5 to 85) | − 4 (− 7 to − 1) | 61.2 (56.8 to 65.7) | 41.4 (37.7 to 45.3) | − 32 (− 35 to − 30) | 13.6 (12 to 15.4) | 13.4 (11.8 to 15.1) | − 2 (− 7 to − 0) |
Female to male ratio | 0.97 | 0.95 | − 2 | 1.04 | 0.97 | − 7 | 0.85 | 0.83 | − 1 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.4) | 69 (65 to 73) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 92 (86 to 99) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 33 (29 to 38) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0.1) | 98 (83 to 104) | |
Rate | 71.6 (67.6 to 76.1) | 59.7 (55.6 to 64.5) | − 17 (− 19 to − 15) | 34.7 (31.3 to 38.8) | 33 (29.3 to 37.5) | − 5 (− 8 to − 2) | 29.4 (27.3 to 31.5) | 19.4 (17.6 to 21.3) | − 34 (− 36 to − 32) | 7.5 (6.6 to 8.6) | 7.4 (6.5 to 8.3) | − 2 (− 9 to 1) | ||
 World Bank lower middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 154.7 (146.1 to 163.7) | 129.3 (120.6 to 139.1) | − 16 (− 18 to − 14) | 87.5 (79.4 to 96.8) | 78.7 (70.3 to 88.8) | − 10 (− 13 to − 7) | 54.8 (51.2 to 58.7) | 39.2 (35.8 to 42.9) | − 28 (− 31 to − 26) | 12.4 (10.9 to 14.5) | 11.4 (10.1 to 12.8) | − 8 (− 15 to − 6) |
Female to male ratio | 0.99 | 0.93 | − 6 | 1.04 | 0.94 | − 10 | 0.86 | 0.85 | − 1 | 1.23 | 1.21 | − 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.7) | 2.9 (2.7 to 3.1) | 77 (73 to 82) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1) | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.9) | 96 (89 to 103) | 0.6 (0.6 to 0.7) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1) | 49 (44 to 54) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 86 (69 to 91) | |
Rate | 85 (80.2 to 90.4) | 93.2 (86.8 to 100.5) | 10 (7 to 13) | 45.3 (40.7 to 50.4) | 54.8 (48.8 to 62.3) | 21 (17 to 25) | 31.6 (29.5 to 33.8) | 29.2 (26.6 to 32) | − 8 (− 11 to − 5) | 8.1 (7 to 9.6) | 9.3 (8.2 to 10.5) | 15 (4 to 18) | ||
 World Bank upper middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 202.7 (191.8 to 214.5) | 190.1 (176.6 to 205) | − 6 (− 9 to − 3) | 114.3 (104.1 to 125.7) | 128.7 (116.1 to 143.5) | 13 (8 to 17) | 75.7 (71.4 to 80.3) | 50 (46 to 54.4) | − 34 (− 36 to − 32) | 12.7 (10.9 to 16.2) | 11.4 (10.2 to 12.7) | − 10 (− 26 to − 6) |
Female to male ratio | 0.88 | 0.78 | − 11 | 0.91 | 0.80 | − 12 | 0.79 | 0.67 | − 15 | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 3 (2.9 to 3.2) | 6.1 (5.6 to 6.6) | 101 (94 to 107) | 1.7 (1.5 to 1.8) | 4.1 (3.7 to 4.6) | 148 (138 to 159) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.2) | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.7) | 38 (33 to 43) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) | 74 (42 to 84) | |
Rate | 143.9 (135.8 to 152.5) | 231.5 (214.4 to 249.9) | 61 (55 to 66) | 78.7 (71.3 to 87.1) | 156.6 (141.2 to 175.4) | 99 (91 to 107) | 55 (51.8 to 58.6) | 60.8 (56 to 66.4) | 10 (6 to 15) | 10.1 (8.7 to 13.1) | 14.1 (12.5 to 15.8) | 40 (14 to 47) | ||
World Bank high income | Age-standardised | Rate | 145.2 (136.8 to 153.9) | 114.7 (107.3 to 123) | − 21 (− 23 to − 19) | 92.2 (84.1 to 100.9) | 74.2 (67.5 to 82.8) | − 19 (− 22 to − 16) | 35 (33.1 to 37.2) | 21.6 (19.9 to 23.4) | − 38 (− 41 to − 36) | 18 (16.1 to 20.1) | 18.9 (17.2 to 20.8) | 5 (2 to 8) |
Female to male ratio | 0.82 | 0.85 | 4 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0 | 0.73 | 0.72 | − 1 | 1.36 | 1.44 | 6 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 1.8 (1.7 to 2) | 2.4 (2.3 to 2.6) | 33 (29 to 37) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) | 1.6 (1.5 to 1.8) | 38 (32 to 43) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.5) | 5 (0 to 10) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.4) | 61 (56 to 66) | |
Rate | 184.6 (173.3 to 195.9) | 205.7 (191.8 to 220.3) | 11 (9 to 15) | 118.3 (107.6 to 129.9) | 137 (124.1 to 152.3) | 16 (11 to 21) | 44.4 (41.9 to 47.3) | 39.2 (36.1 to 42.6) | − 12 (− 16 to − 8) | 21.8 (19.5 to 24.4) | 29.5 (26.9 to 32.4) | 35 (31 to 39) | ||
Prevalence | ||||||||||||||
 Global | Age-standardised | Rate | 1261 (1208.2 to 1318.7) | 1300.6 (1229 to 1374.7) | 3 (1 to 5) | 942.5 (891.1 to 999.6) | 1038 (968.8 to 1114.1) | 10 (7 to 13) | 260.7 (242.3 to 279.9) | 220.2 (199.3 to 241.7) | − 16 (− 19 to − 12) | 121.8 (112.6 to 131.9) | 113.9 (104.2 to 125.2) | − 6 (− 8 to − 5) |
Female to male ratio | 1.02 | 0.96 | −6 | 0.95 | 0.90 | − 5 | 1.07 | 1.00 | − 6 | 1.48 | 1.46 | − 1 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 53.3 (51.1 to 55.7) | 104.2 (98.5 to 110.1) | 95 (91 to 100) | 39 (36.8 to 41.3) | 82.4 (77 to 88.5) | 112 (106 to 117) | 11.9 (11.1 to 12.8) | 17.9 (16.2 to 19.7) | 50 (43 to 58) | 5.4 (5 to 5.9) | 9.3 (8.5 to 10.2) | 72 (68 to 76) | |
Rate | 988 (947.7 to 1032.7) | 1363.5 (1288.6 to 1441.3) | 38 (35 to 41) | 722.3 (682.7 to 765.3) | 1078.7 (1007.4 to 1158.5) | 49 (45 to 53) | 221.2 (205.5 to 237.5) | 234.5 (211.9 to 257.4) | 6 (1 to 11) | 100.5 (93.2 to 109.1) | 122 (111.6 to 134.1) | 21 (19 to 24) | ||
 World Bank low income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1026.6 (984.2 to 1074.5) | 996 (949.6 to 1049.3) | − 3 (− 5 to − 1) | 713.4 (672 to 759.5) | 726.4 (682.2 to 777.2) | 2 (0 to 3) | 263.5 (247.6 to 280.1) | 220.5 (198.4 to 244.3) | − 16 (− 22 to − 10) | 104 (97.1 to 111.6) | 102.7 (94.6 to 112.1) | − 1 (− 4 to 2) |
Female to male ratio | 1.13 | 1.08 | − 5 | 1.14 | 1.06 | − 7 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 0 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 1.7 (1.7 to 1.8) | 3.3 (3.2 to 3.5) | 91 (87 to 95) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) | 2.4 (2.2 to 2.5) | 100 (97 to 103) | 0.5 (0.5 to 0.6) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1) | 70 (58 to 81) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.4) | 99 (94 to 105) | |
Rate | 531 (509.2 to 554.3) | 500.6 (476.1 to 527.5) | − 6 (− 8 to − 4) | 358.8 (337.7 to 382.5) | 354.5 (332.2 to 379.2) | − 1 (− 3 to 0) | 158.7 (149.4 to 168.8) | 133.2 (119.5 to 146.9) | − 16 (− 22 to − 10) | 58.9 (55 to 63.2) | 58 (53.3 to 62.7) | − 2 (− 4 to 1) | ||
 World Bank lower middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1075.4 (1026.1 to 1131.5) | 1076.8 (1020.1 to 1142.5) | 0 (− 1 to 2) | 789.6 (741.2 to 845.9) | 823.1 (767.8 to 887.4) | 4 (3 to 6) | 241.7 (224.3 to 259.8) | 214.4 (192.9 to 236.7) | − 11 (− 16 to − 7) | 103 (94.8 to 111.8) | 97.2 (88.9 to 106.8) | − 6 (−7 to − 4) |
Female to male ratio | 1.11 | 1.01 | − 9 | 1.09 | 0.97 | − 11 | 1.10 | 1.06 | − 3 | 1.37 | 1.34 | − 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 12.5 (11.9 to 13.1) | 25.7 (24.3 to 27.2) | 106 (103 to 109) | 8.8 (8.3 to 9.4) | 19 (17.7 to 20.5) | 116 (112 to 119) | 3.3 (3 to 3.5) | 5.7 (5.1 to 6.3) | 75 (66 to 84) | 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5) | 2.6 (2.3 to 2.8) | 91 (87 to 95) | |
Rate | 646.7 (617.9 to 679.8) | 823.3 (780 to 872.6) | 27 (25 to 29) | 457.5 (429.5 to 489) | 610.2 (568.8 to 656.8) | 33 (31 to 36) | 168.7 (157 to 181.5) | 182.5 (164 to 201.2) | 8 (3 to 14) | 69.8 (64.4 to 75.6) | 82.3 (74.8 to 90.5) | 18 (15 to 20) | ||
 World Bank upper middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1397.7 (1334.7 to 1466) | 1553.2 (1459.9 to 1648.5) | 11 (8 to 14) | 1017.6 (956.2 to 1082.3) | 1277.1 (1186.7 to 1375.5) | 25 (22 to 29) | 337.1 (312.8 to 362.4) | 264.6 (239.5 to 290.9) | − 22 (− 25 to − 18) | 107.8 (99.4 to 117.7) | 97.3 (88.9 to 107.3) | − 10 (− 12 to − 8) |
Female to male ratio | 1.04 | 0.94 | − 10 | 1.00 | 0.91 | − 9 | 1.08 | 0.97 | − 10 | 1.38 | 1.35 | − 2 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 23 (22 to 24.1) | 50.7 (47.6 to 53.8) | 121 (114 to 127) | 16.1 (15.2 to 17.2) | 41.2 (38.2 to 44.5) | 155 (147 to 163) | 6.1 (5.7 to 6.6) | 8.7 (7.9 to 9.6) | 43 (36 to 51) | 1.9 (1.7 to 2.1) | 3.2 (2.9 to 3.6) | 71 (67 to 76) | |
Rate | 1087.7 (1041.3 to 1140.7) | 1922.9 (1806.4 to 2042.6) | 77 (72 to 82) | 763.9 (718.4 to 812.8) | 1563.5 (1450.8 to 1688.1) | 105 (98 to 111) | 288.6 (267.9 to 310.9) | 330.5 (298.3 to 364.6) | 15 (9 to 21) | 89.6 (82.6 to 97.8) | 123 (111.8 to 136.1) | 37 (34 to 41) | ||
 World Bank high income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1258.4 (1208.4 to 1312.2) | 1163.2 (1108.7 to 1221.2) | − 8 (− 10 to − 5) | 996 (947.2 to 1048.5) | 911.7 (858.3 to 970.4) | − 8 (− 12 to − 5) | 165.3 (152.9 to 178) | 143.5 (130.6 to 156.8) | − 13 (− 17 to − 9) | 164 (152.7 to 176.8) | 171.8 (157.8 to 187.5) | 5 (3 to 7) |
Female to male ratio | 0.91 | 0.94 | 3 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 2 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 2 | 1.62 | 1.69 | 4 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 15.9 (15.2 to 16.5) | 23.9 (22.6 to 25.1) | 51 (46 to 55) | 12.7 (12 to 13.4) | 19.3 (18.1 to 20.5) | 53 (47 to 58) | 2 (1.8 to 2.1) | 2.5 (2.3 to 2.7) | 27 (21 to 32) | 2 (1.8 to 2.1) | 3.1 (2.8 to 3.4) | 57 (54 to 61) | |
Rate | 1584.4 (1520 to 1653.6) | 2006 (1901.4 to 2109.8) | 27 (23 to 30) | 1265.2 (1200.2 to 1336.2) | 1623.1 (1517.4 to 1727.4) | 28 (23 to 33) | 198.3 (183.4 to 213.5) | 211 (192.2 to 230.4) | 6 (2 to 11) | 197 (183.1 to 212.8) | 260.3 (239.2 to 284.8) | 32 (29 to 35) | ||
Deaths | ||||||||||||||
 Global | Age-standardised | Rate | 120.8 (118.4 to 125.3) | 80.5 (78.9 to 82.6) | − 33 (− 35 to − 32) | 55.9 (53.9 to 57.9) | 36.6 (35.5 to 38) | − 34 (− 36 to − 32) | 54.3 (51.4 to 58.6) | 38.2 (37 to 39.4) | − 30 (− 33 to − 27) | 10.7 (8.4 to 12.2) | 5.7 (5.3 to 6.3) | − 47 (− 52 to − 34) |
Female to male ratio | 0.86 | 0.75 | − 13 | 0.93 | 0.80 | − 14 | 0.77 | 0.69 | − 10 | 0.98 | 0.85 | − 13 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 4.4 (4.3 to 4.5) | 6.2 (6 to 6.3) | 41 (38 to 45) | 1.9 (1.8 to 1.9) | 2.7 (2.7 to 2.9) | 47 (43 to 52) | 2.1 (2 to 2.2) | 3 (2.9 to 3.1) | 44 (36 to 50) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.5) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) | 4 (− 6 to 29) | |
Rate | 80.9 (79.2 to 83.8) | 80.7 (79.1 to 82.8) | 0 (− 3 to 2) | 34.6 (33.3 to 35.9) | 36 (34.8 to 37.4) | 4 (1 to 7) | 38.3 (36.2 to 41.4) | 38.9 (37.7 to 40.2) | 2 (− 4 to 6) | 8 (6.3 to 9.1) | 5.8 (5.5 to 6.4) | − 27 (− 34 to − 9) | ||
 World Bank low income | Age-standardised | Rate | 143.1 (132.1 to 153.9) | 106.7 (98.6 to 114.8) | − 25 (− 30 to − 20) | 55.9 (48.6 to 63.4) | 43.1 (36.3 to 48.9) | − 23 (− 28 to − 17) | 79.5 (70.8 to 88.6) | 58.5 (52.9 to 63.8) | − 26 (− 32 to − 20) | 7.7 (5.4 to 10.9) | 5.1 (3.7 to 7.7) | − 34 (− 42 to − 23) |
Female to male ratio | 1.01 | 0.92 | − 9 | 1.30 | 1.14 | − 13 | 0.88 | 0.81 | − 8 | 0.72 | 0.65 | − 10 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.3) | 48 (36 to 61) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 59 (45 to 73) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 44 (32 to 58) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0 (0 to 0) | 30 (12 to 51) | |
Rate | 54.7 (50.4 to 59.1) | 40 (37.3 to 42.6) | − 27 (− 33 to − 21) | 17.9 (15.5 to 20.5) | 14.1 (12 to 16) | − 21 (− 28 to − 14) | 33 (29 to 37.4) | 23.5 (21.4 to 25.6) | − 29 (− 35 to − 22) | 3.8 (2.7 to 5.1) | 2.4 (1.7 to 3.6) | − 36 (− 44 to − 25) | ||
 World Bank lower middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 133.6 (128 to 140.2) | 102.6 (98.8 to 106.6) | − 23 (− 27 to − 20) | 64 (59 to 70.4) | 47.6 (43.7 to 52.7) | − 26 (− 29 to − 21) | 60.7 (53.5 to 66.3) | 48.2 (43.9 to 51.3) | − 21 (− 26 to − 15) | 8.9 (7.4 to 11.3) | 6.8 (6 to 8) | − 24 (− 32 to − 14) |
Female to male ratio | 0.96 | 0.85 | − 12 | 1.11 | 0.91 | − 18 | 0.82 | 0.79 | − 5 | 0.95 | 0.90 | − 5 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.2) | 2 (1.9 to 2) | 70 (62 to 78) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.5) | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9) | 72 (63 to 82) | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.6) | 1 (0.9 to 1.1) | 71 (60 to 83) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) | 56 (41 to 76) | |
Rate | 60.1 (57.5 to 62.6) | 63.3 (61 to 65.7) | 5 (0 to 10) | 24.7 (22.7 to 27.4) | 26.3 (23.9 to 29.4) | 7 (1 to 13) | 30.3 (26.8 to 32.8) | 32 (29.4 to 34) | 6 (− 1 to 13) | 5.1 (4.2 to 6.4) | 4.9 (4.4 to 5.9) | − 4 (− 13 to 9) | ||
 World Bank upper middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 159.7 (155.8 to 168.1) | 101.5 (99.1 to 104.3) | − 36 (− 39 to − 34) | 67.9 (65.4 to 71.9) | 46.7 (45.6 to 47.9) | − 31 (− 35 to − 28) | 75.1 (71.5 to 84.4) | 48.5 (46.9 to 50.2) | − 35 (− 42 to − 32) | 16.7 (10.8 to 19.1) | 6.3 (5.6 to 6.8) | − 62 (− 68 to − 45) |
Female to male ratio | 0.87 | 0.71 | − 19 | 0.96 | 0.76 | − 21 | 0.78 | 0.65 | − 17 | 0.96 | 0.81 | − 15 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 2.1 (2 to 2.2) | 3.1 (3 to 3.1) | 48 (42 to 53) | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.8) | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.4) | 72 (63 to 81) | 1 (1 to 1.1) | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.5) | 46 (32 to 55) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.2) | − 20 (− 32 to 15) | |
Rate | 97.6 (95.3 to 102.5) | 116 (113.2 to 119.2) | 19 (14 to 23) | 37.7 (36.3 to 40.1) | 51.9 (50.6 to 53.2) | 38 (30 to 45) | 48.4 (46.1 to 54.4) | 56.7 (54.9 to 58.8) | 17 (6 to 24) | 11.5 (7.6 to 13.1) | 7.4 (6.5 to 8) | − 36 (− 45 to − 8) | ||
 World Bank high income | Age-standardised | Rate | 71 (70.2 to 72) | 31.4 (30.7 to 32.7) | − 56 (− 57 to − 54) | 39.6 (39.2 to 40.2) | 15.9 (15.5 to 16.6) | − 60 (− 61 to − 58) | 25.7 (25.3 to 26.1) | 12.1 (11.8 to 12.5) | − 53 (− 54 to − 51) | 5.7 (5.5 to 5.9) | 3.4 (3.3 to 3.7) | − 39 (− 41 to − 37) |
Female to male ratio | 0.79 | 0.76 | − 4 | 0.79 | 0.78 | − 2 | 0.72 | 0.69 | − 4 | 1.18 | 0.97 | − 17 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 0.9 (0.9 to 1) | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.9) | − 12 (− 14 to − 8) | 0.5 (0.5 to 0.5) | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) | − 15 (− 17 to − 11) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | − 11 (− 14 to − 7) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 8 (4 to 12) | |
Rate | 93.8 (92.7 to 95.1) | 69.7 (68.2 to 72.7) | − 26 (− 27 to − 23) | 52.6 (52 to 53.4) | 37.7 (36.8 to 39.5) | − 28 (− 30 to − 25) | 34 (33.5 to 34.6) | 25.5 (24.8 to 26.6) | − 25 (− 27 to − 22) | 7.2 (7 to 7.6) | 6.5 (6.3 to 6.9) | − 9 (− 12 to − 6) | ||
DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) | ||||||||||||||
 Global | Age-standardised | Rate | 2392.7 (2316.5 to 2478.9) | 1657.2 (1587.4 to 1723.8) | − 31 (− 33 to − 29) | 948.8 (891.4 to 1008.2) | 702.8 (649.5 to 756.5) | − 26 (− 29 to − 23) | 1158.4 (1095.2 to 1242.3) | 800.3 (773.3 to 826.1) | − 31 (− 34 to − 28) | 285.5 (235.2 to 321.9) | 154.1 (143.7 to 170.1) | − 46 (− 51 to − 35) |
Female to male ratio | 0.84 | 0.73 | − 13 | 0.90 | 0.79 | − 12 | 0.76 | 0.66 | − 13 | 1.00 | 0.89 | −11 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 98.9 (95.6 to 102.5) | 132.1 (126.5 to 137.4) | 34 (29 to 37) | 36.6 (34.3 to 39) | 55.1 (50.9 to 59.4) | 50 (45 to 56) | 49.3 (46.6 to 52.8) | 64.5 (62.3 to 66.6) | 31 (24 to 36) | 12.9 (10.7 to 14.5) | 12.4 (11.6 to 13.7) | − 4 (− 12 to 15) | |
Rate | 1832.8 (1772.6 to 1900.2) | 1728.3 (1655.6 to 1797.7) | − 6 (− 9 to − 3) | 679.3 (635.7 to 723.2) | 721.7 (666.6 to 777.7) | 6 (2 to 10) | 914.1 (863 to 977.8) | 844.3 (815.8 to 871.4) | − 8 (− 12 to − 4) | 239.5 (197.6 to 268.6) | 162.3 (151.3 to 179.1) | − 32 (− 38 to − 19) | ||
 World Bank low income | Age-standardised | Rate | 2954.9 (2713.1 to 3182.4) | 2153.7 (2005.6 to 2280) | − 27 (− 33 to − 21) | 975.2 (855.3 to 1104.4) | 761.5 (661.4 to 857.8) | − 22 (− 28 to − 16) | 1758.7 (1554.7 to 1993.4) | 1245.5 (1137.3 to 1354.8) | − 29 (− 35 to − 22) | 221.1 (160.9 to 294.1) | 146.6 (110.1 to 209) | − 34 (− 42 to − 23) |
Female to male ratio | 1.01 | 0.88 | − 12 | 1.36 | 1.14 | − 16 | 0.89 | 0.78 | − 12 | 0.74 | 0.69 | − 7 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 4.9 (4.4 to 5.3) | 6.8 (6.4 to 7.2) | 40 (28 to 54) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.6) | 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4) | 54 (41 to 67) | 3 (2.6 to 3.5) | 4.1 (3.8 to 4.5) | 36 (23 to 52) | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) | 23 (8 to 46) | |
Rate | 1483.1 (1348.5 to 1622.4) | 1027.2 (962.8 to 1080.8) | − 31 (− 37 to − 24) | 418.1 (365.6 to 476.2) | 318.2 (278 to 359.5) | − 24 (− 30 to − 17) | 918.2 (794.7 to 1059.9) | 619.5 (564.8 to 676.4) | − 33 (− 39 to − 25) | 146.8 (106.8 to 184.6) | 89.5 (67.2 to 123.7) | − 39 (− 47 to − 28) | ||
 World Bank lower middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 2635.2 (2526.1 to 2743.2) | 2046.2 (1968.4 to 2122.8) | − 22 (− 26 to − 19) | 1058 (968.4 to 1168.8) | 822.3 (748 to 918.8) | − 22 (− 26 to − 18) | 1322.2 (1180.6 to 1429.9) | 1034 (956.2 to 1095) | − 22 (− 27 to − 17) | 255.1 (213.5 to 311) | 189.9 (169.5 to 223.6) | − 26 (− 32 to − 17) |
Female to male ratio | 0.93 | 0.82 | − 12 | 1.08 | 0.89 | − 18 | 0.82 | 0.75 | − 8 | 1.00 | 0.92 | − 7 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 29.2 (27.8 to 30.4) | 47.1 (45.2 to 48.8) | 61 (52 to 69) | 10.1 (9.2 to 11.3) | 17.3 (15.6 to 19.4) | 70 (62 to 80) | 15.5 (13.9 to 16.7) | 24.9 (23.1 to 26.3) | 61 (49 to 71) | 3.5 (3 to 4.2) | 5 (4.4 to 5.8) | 40 (27 to 57) | |
Rate | 1511.2 (1441.5 to 1575.9) | 1508.1 (1449.4 to 1565) | 0 (− 6 to 5) | 525.6 (478.9 to 584.3) | 553 (499.6 to 621.7) | 5 (− 0 to 11) | 801.7 (718.3 to 865.6) | 796.4 (739.8 to 841.5) | − 1 (− 8 to 6) | 184 (153.6 to 218.6) | 158.7 (141.3 to 186.5) | − 14 (− 21 to − 3) | ||
 World Bank upper middle income | Age-standardised | Rate | 3061.9 (2961.4 to 3199.4) | 1966.7 (1873.3 to 2062.6) | − 36 (− 38 to − 34) | 1151.4 (1084.9 to 1225.4) | 882.9 (812.8 to 952.1) | − 23 (− 28 to − 19) | 1512.5 (1440.7 to 1686.6) | 932 (899.2 to 967.7) | − 38 (− 44 to − 35) | 398 (279.3 to 449.3) | 151.8 (137.1 to 163.9) | − 62 (− 67 to − 48) |
Female to male ratio | 0.84 | 0.67 | − 20 | 0.90 | 0.74 | − 18 | 0.76 | 0.59 | − 22 | 0.97 | 0.82 | − 16 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 47.4 (45.8 to 49.4) | 63.1 (60.1 to 66.2) | 33 (28 to 38) | 16.4 (15.4 to 17.5) | 27.9 (25.6 to 30.1) | 70 (60 to 78) | 24.2 (23 to 26.9) | 30.4 (29.3 to 31.6) | 26 (15 to 33) | 6.8 (4.9 to 7.6) | 4.9 (4.4 to 5.3) | − 28 (− 37 to − 4) | |
Rate | 2244.3 (2168.7 to 2341.8) | 2396.2 (2281.6 to 2513.2) | 7 (3 to 10) | 778.5 (730.5 to 829.2) | 1057.8 (972.4 to 1141.2) | 36 (28 to 43) | 1145.8 (1090.9 to 1273) | 1153.4 (1112.7 to 1198.1) | 1 (− 8 to 6) | 320 (230.3 to 360.1) | 185 (166.4 to 200.1) | − 42 (− 50 to − 23) | ||
 World Bank high income | Age-standardised | Rate | 1302.5 (1244.4 to 1356.5) | 652.2 (600.1 to 703.9) | − 50 (− 52 to − 48) | 638.8 (596.6 to 679.7) | 321.2 (282.1 to 358.9) | − 50 (− 53 to − 47) | 493 (481.6 to 503.7) | 225.9 (218.3 to 234.4) | − 54 (− 55 to − 53) | 170.8 (162.8 to 178.6) | 105.1 (97.3 to 113.4) | − 38 (− 41 to − 35) |
Female to male ratio | 0.76 | 0.77 | 1 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 2 | 0.66 | 0.64 | − 4 | 1.19 | 1.14 | − 4 | ||
All ages | Number (million) | 16.9 (16.1 to 17.5) | 14.2 (13.1 to 15.2) | − 16 (− 19 to − 13) | 8.5 (8 to 9.1) | 7.5 (6.7 to 8.4) | − 11 (− 16 to − 7) | 6.3 (6.2 to 6.4) | 4.7 (4.6 to 4.9) | − 25 (− 27 to − 23) | 2 (1.9 to 2.1) | 1.9 (1.8 to 2.1) | − 6 (− 9 to − 1) | |
Rate | 1685.7 (1611.6 to 1753.7) | 1191.5 (1098.4 to 1280.2) | − 29 (− 32 to − 27) | 852.1 (797.6 to 905.1) | 634.3 (562.7 to 702.8) | − 26 (− 30 to − 22) | 630.2 (616.6 to 643.6) | 395.5 (382.9 to 409.7) | − 37 (− 39 to − 35) | 203.4 (193.8 to 212.8) | 161.7 (149.7 to 174.6) | − 21 (− 24 to − 17) | ||