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Table 1 Study characteristics – population characteristics

From: Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study characteristics

Number of studies (%)

Region of studya

 Andean Latin America

2 (0.5)

 Central Asia

3 (0.8)

 East Asia

12 (3.1)

 North Africa & Middle East

17 (4.4)

 South Asia

276 (71)

 Southeast Asia

38 (9.8)

 Sub-Saharan Africa, Central

6 (1.5)

 Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern

14 (3.6)

 Sub-Saharan Africa, Western

21 (5.4)

Number of blood cultures screened

 0-99

13 (3.4)

 100-499

43 (11.2)

 500-999

30 (7.8)

 1000-4999

49 (12.8)

 5000+

59 (15.4)

 Not stated

190 (49.5)

Specific age groups

 Adults only

5 (1.3)

 Children only

68 (17.7)

 No specified age restrictions/Adults and children

311 (81)

Reported pre-admission antibiotic use (proportion of patients in the study)b

 0

19 (4.9)

 1-25%

15 (3.8)

 26-50%

13 (3.3)

 51-75%

7 (1.8)

 76-100%

7 (1.8)

 Not stated

329 (84.4)

Reported case fatality rate

 0

61 (15.9)

 1-5%

24 (6.3)

 6-10%

2 (0.5)

 11-15%

1 (0.3)

 16-20%

2 (0.5)

 21-25%

1 (0.3)

 Not stated

293 (76.3)

Patient typec

 Inpatients

73 (19)

 Outpatients

14 (3.6)

 Outpatients & Emergency department

6 (1.6)

 Inpatients & Outpatients

44 (11.4)

 Community

7 (1.8)

 Not specified

241 (62.6)

  1. aThree studies reported isolates from multiple regions
  2. bSix studies reported the proportion of participants using antibiotics prior to testing separately for different sites or for persons infected with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A separately
  3. cOne study consisted of two separate parts, one was community based and the other in outpatients