Effect of tuberculosis screening and retention interventions on early antiretroviral therapy mortality in Botswana: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

Auld, Andrew F.; Agizew, Tefera; Mathoma, Anikie; Boyd, Rosanna; Date, Anand; Pals, Sherri L.; Serumola, Christopher; Mathebula, Unami; Alexander, Heather; Ellerbrock, Tedd V.; Rankgoane-Pono, Goabaone; Pono, Pontsho; Shepherd, James C.; Fielding, Katherine; Grant, Alison D.; Finlay, Alyssa

doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1489-0

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of XPRES participants at antiretroviral therapy initiation

From: Effect of tuberculosis screening and retention interventions on early antiretroviral therapy mortality in Botswana: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

	SOC		EC		EC+X
	(N = 8980)		(N = 1768)		(N = 4215)
	n	%/median (IQR)	n	%/median (IQR)	n	%/median (IQR)
Age (years)^a
n, median, (IQR)	8969	35 (30–43)	1768	34 (29–42)	4215	34 (29–41)
Gender
Female	5624	63%	1194	68%	2797	66%
If female, pregnant?
Yes	927	16%	271	23%	903	32%
Weight (kg)^b
Median (IQR)	8351	57.9 (50.5–66.6)	1765	58.6 (51.3–67.8)	4209	59.4 (52.5–68.7)
Weight (kg)
< 45 kg	871	10%	160	9%	318	8%
45–60 kg	3971	48%	817	46%	1910	45%
> 60 kg	3509	42%	788	45%	1981	47%
Baseline CD4 (cells/μL)^c
Median (IQR)	8675	184 (100–241)	1765	246 (148–310)	4180	241 (132–321)
Baseline CD4 (cells/μL)
< 50	1061	12%	132	7%	370	9%
50 to < 100	1109	13%	161	9%	371	9%
100 to < 200	2660	31%	366	21%	928	22%
200 to < 350	3456	40%	947	54%	1928	46%
350 to < 500	246	3%	93	5%	334	8%
≥ 500	143	2%	66	4%	249	6%
Baseline hemoglobin (g/dL)^d
Median (IQR)	7869	11.5 (10.0–13.0)	1678	11.9 (10.4–13.3)	3911	12.0 (10.6–13.3)
Hemoglobin category^e
Severe anemia	426	5%	68	4%	109	3%
Mild/moderate anemia	4399	56%	805	48%	1810	46%
No anemia	3044	39%	805	48%	1992	51%
TB treatment at ART initiation
Yes	423	5%	85	5%	251	6%
Regimen^f
TDF/XTC/EFV or NVP	6998	78%	1615	93%	4000	96%
AZT/3TC/EFV or NVP	1045	12%	94	5%	107	3%
D4T/3TC/EFV or NVP	151	2%	2	0%	4	0%
Other	784	9%	26	1%	54	1%

Abbreviations: SOC standard of care phase, EC enhanced care phase, EC+X enhanced care plus Xpert phase, IQR interquartile range, TDF tenofovir, XTC either lamivudine or emtricitabine, EFV efavirenz, NVP nevirapine, ddI didanosine, ABC abacavir, LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir, AZT zidovudine, 3TC lamivudine, D4T stavudine
^a11 ART enrollees in the SOC cohort had unknown age but were documented to be adult in the ART chart
^b629 (7%), 2 (0.2%), and 6 (0.1%) had missing weights at ART initiation in the SOC, EC, and EC+X phases, respectively
^c305 (3%), 3 (0.2%), and 35 (0.8%) had missing CD4 in the SOC, EC, and EC+X phases, respectively. For each enrollee, the CD4 count taken closest to the date of ART initiation in the 12 months before ART start was used
^d1111 (12%), 90 (5%), and 304 (7.2%) had missing hemoglobin in the SOC, EC, and EC+X phases, respectively. For each enrollee, the hemoglobin taken closest to the date of ART initiation in the 12 months before ART start was used
^eAnemia severity was classified according to World Health Organization criteria as follows: no anemia, hemoglobin level of ≥ 13.0 g/dL for men, ≥ 12.0 g/dL for non-pregnant females, and ≥ 11.0 g/dL for pregnant females; mild/moderate anemia, 8.0 to < 13.0 g/dL for men, 8.0 to < 12.0 g/dL for non-pregnant women, and 7.0 to < 11.0 g/dL for pregnant women; and severe anemia, < 8.0 g/dL for males and non-pregnant females and < 7.0 g/dL for pregnant women
^f2 (0%), 31 (2%), and 50 (1%) had missing ART regimen in the SOC, EC, and EC+X phases, respectively

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ISSN: 1741-7015

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