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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable logistic regression on the risk of stillbirth

From: Pregnancy outcomes and risk of placental malaria after artemisinin-based and quinine-based treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in pregnancy: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

Baseline characteristic

Proportion (%)

Univariable

Multivariable (complete case)

Multivariable (MI)

OR (95% CI)

p value

aOR (95% CI)

p value

aOR (95% CI)

p value

Treatment

 AL

19/1087 (2%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 AAP

1/81 (1%)

0.61 (0.08–4.93)

0.64

0.99 (0.13–7.67)

0.99

0.82 (0.10–6.46)

0.85

 AS

2/193 (1%)

0.56 (0.12–2.57)

0.45

0.80 (0.18–3.61)

0.77

0.67 (0.15–3.02)

0.60

 ASAQ

13/775 (2%)

0.89 (0.42–1.88)

0.76

0.96 (0.40–2.32)

0.93

1.00 (0.47–2.10)

0.99

 ASMQ

23/965 (2%)

1.20 (0.62–2.32)

0.58

1.58 (0.76–3.25)

0.22

1.38 (0.70–2.70)

0.35

 ASSP

4/154 (3%)

1.43 (0.42–4.81)

0.57

1.23 (0.34–4.49)

0.75

1.35 (0.42–4.41)

0.62

 DP

19/837 (2%)

1.09 (0.54–2.18)

0.81

1.36 (0.65–2.85)

0.41

1.22 (0.60–2.47)

0.58

 Q

2/184 (1%)

0.51 (0.11–2.34)

0.39

0.71 (0.16–3.25)

0.66

0.51 (0.11–2.33)

0.39

 QC

1/58 (2%)

0.81 (0.09–7.15)

0.85

1.40 (0.18–11.01)

0.75

1.12 (0.14–9.24)

0.92

EGA at malaria episode

 4.0–13.9

0/38 (0%)

No data

     

 14.0–19.9

22/896 (2%)

Reference

     

 20.0–23.9

20/1065 (2%)

0.72 (0.39–1.33)

0.30

    

 24.0–27.9

21/964 (2%)

0.82 (0.45–1.51)

0.53

    

 28.0–36.9

19/1319 (1%)

0.51 (0.27–0.95)

0.04

    

 ≥ 37.0 (weeks)

2/51 (4%)

1.63 (0.37–7.32)

0.52

    

Age group

 < 20

27/1388 (2%)

Reference

     

 20–25

27/1399 (2%)

0.97 (0.56–1.66)

0.91

    

 25–30

18/836 (2%)

1.10 (0.60–2.02)

0.76

    

 30–35

6/419 (1%)

0.73 (0.30–1.77)

0.48

    

 ≥ 35 (years)

6/292 (2%)

1.03 (0.42–2.54)

0.95

    

Pregnancy history

 G1

33/1519 (2%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 G2 with no loss

11/741 (1%)

0.68 (0.34–1.35)

0.27

0.52 (0.23–1.15)

0.11

0.63 (0.31–1.26)

0.19

 G ≥ 3 with no loss

15/1165 (1%)

0.60 (0.33–1.11)

0.11

0.47 (0.23–0.98)

0.04

0.51 (0.27–0.97)

0.04

 G2 with 1 loss

8/264 (3%)

1.28 (0.57–2.84)

0.55

1.12 (0.46–2.74)

0.81

1.35 (0.60–3.01)

0.47

 G ≥ 3 with 1 loss

11/462 (2%)

1.05 (0.53–2.11)

0.89

0.60 (0.25–1.49)

0.27

0.95 (0.46–1.93)

0.88

 G ≥ 3 with ≥ 2 losses

5/145 (3%)

1.45 (0.55–3.81)

0.45

0.98 (0.28–3.37)

0.97

1.33 (0.49–3.64)

0.58

Weight (kg)

84/4334 (2%)

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

0.34

    

Height (cm)

73/3809 (2%)

0.99 (0.95–1.02)

0.42

    

BMI (kg/m2)

 < 18.5

8/239 (3%)

2.16 (1.01–4.62)

0.048

    

 18.5–24.9

49/3044 (2%)

Reference

     

 25.0–29.9

12/458 (3%)

1.40 (0.71–2.77)

0.33

    

 ≥ 30.0

4/68 (6%)

2.86 (0.93–8.80)

0.07

    

HIV infection

 Yes

3/35 (9%)

5.41 (1.57–18.65)

0.008

6.06 (1.69–21.68)

0.006

4.35 (1.15–16.52)

0.03

 No

61/3627 (2%)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Parasitaemia (log10/μL)

84/4334 (2%)

1.16 (0.90–1.51)

0.26

    

Fever > 37.5 °C

 Yes

8/395 (2%)

1.20 (0.56–2.56)

0.64

    

 No

73/3897 (2%)

Reference

     

Haemoglobin (g/dL)

84/4334 (2%)

1.13 (0.97–1.32)

0.12

1.14 (0.94–1.37)

0.18

1.20 (1.02–1.41)

0.03

Gametocytaemia

 Yes

2/161 (1%)

0.67 (0.17–2.75)

0.58

    

 No

79/4110 (2%)

Reference

     

Mixed infection

 Yes

0/32 (0%)

No data

     

 No

84/4302 (2%)

Reference

     

Malaria transmission

 Low

12/993 (1%)

0.44 (0.21–0.90)

0.03

    

 Moderate

57/2348 (2%)

Reference

     

 High

15/993 (2%)

0.61 (0.30–1.26)

0.18

    
  1. Intraclass correlation, < 0.01. AAP artesunate with atovaquone-proguanil, AL artemether-lumefantrine, aOR adjusted odds ratio, AS artesunate monotherapy, ASAQ artesunate-amodiaquine, ASMQ artesunate-mefloquine, ASSP artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, DP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, EGA estimated gestational age, G gravidity, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, MI multiple imputation, OR odds ratio, Q quinine monotherapy, QC quinine with clindamycin
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