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Table 1 Patient characteristics for cases of preterm fetal growth restriction and control cohorts as part of the FOX study

From: Circulating mRNAs are differentially expressed in pregnancies with severe placental insufficiency and at high risk of stillbirth

Characteristics

Preterm fetal Growth restriction (n = 128)

Controls (n = 42)

P

Maternal age, years

32 (6)

30 (6)

0.13

Nulliparity

80 (63%)

38 (45%)

0.013

Body-mass index, kg/m2

27 (6)

24 (5)

0.0009

Smoking during pregnancy

17 (13%)

6 (7%)

0.16

Diabetes during pregnancy

15 (12%)

8 (10%)

0.60

Chronic hypertension

12 (9%)

0 (0%)

0.004

Preeclampsia

63 (49%)

3 (4%)

< 0.00001

Absent or reversed end diastolic flow in umbilical artery

58 (45%)

Median gestational age at blood sampling, weeks

30.5 (28.6–32.1)

30.0 (28–32.1)

0.21

Median gestational age at delivery, weeks

30.5 (28.6–32.1)

39.4 (39–40.2)

< 0.00001

Birthweight, g

1023 (315)

3594 (480)

< 0.00001

Median birthweight centiles, corrected for gestationa

0.1 (0.0–0.4)%

40.8 (27.9–60.9)%

< 0.00001

Male sex

71 (55%)

46 (55%)

0.92

Median Umbilical pH

7.27 (7.22–7.3)

 

Umbilical pH < 7.2

22 (17.2%)

 

Composite of severe neonatal morbidityb

39 (30%)

0 (−)

0.0002

Neonatal death within 42 days of birth

2 (2%)

0 (−)

0.42

Required resuscitation at birthc

106 (84%)

4 (9.5%)

< 0.0001

Median duration of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (in days)

30 (10.8–61.5)

0 (0–0)

< 0.0001

Respiratory distress syndrome

94 (73%)

2 (5%)

< 0.0001

Required ventilation

86 (67%)

0 (−)

< 0.0001

  1. Data are n (%), mean (SD), or median (interquartile range). Comparison between preterm fetal growth restriction cases and controls (where bloods were taken around the same gestational age) is by chi-squared analysis and t test. Each control contributed two blood samples for the analysis, at 28 and 32 weeks’ gestation. This was done to correct for possible changes in RNA concentrations across gestational age
  2. aWe used a fetal weight reference charts to determine centiles (Hadlock formula, except fetal sex was corrected for)
  3. bComposite of severe neonatal morbidity includes intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, seizures, or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
  4. cRequired resuscitation at birth which included any of the following: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intubation, continuous positive airway pressure, and the administration of adrenaline or surfactant