Characteristics | Preterm fetal Growth restriction (n = 128) | Controls (n = 42) | P |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal age, years | 32 (6) | 30 (6) | 0.13 |
Nulliparity | 80 (63%) | 38 (45%) | 0.013 |
Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 27 (6) | 24 (5) | 0.0009 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 17 (13%) | 6 (7%) | 0.16 |
Diabetes during pregnancy | 15 (12%) | 8 (10%) | 0.60 |
Chronic hypertension | 12 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 0.004 |
Preeclampsia | 63 (49%) | 3 (4%) | < 0.00001 |
Absent or reversed end diastolic flow in umbilical artery | 58 (45%) | – | – |
Median gestational age at blood sampling, weeks | 30.5 (28.6–32.1) | 30.0 (28–32.1) | 0.21 |
Median gestational age at delivery, weeks | 30.5 (28.6–32.1) | 39.4 (39–40.2) | < 0.00001 |
Birthweight, g | 1023 (315) | 3594 (480) | < 0.00001 |
Median birthweight centiles, corrected for gestationa | 0.1 (0.0–0.4)% | 40.8 (27.9–60.9)% | < 0.00001 |
Male sex | 71 (55%) | 46 (55%) | 0.92 |
Median Umbilical pH | 7.27 (7.22–7.3) | – | |
Umbilical pH < 7.2 | 22 (17.2%) | – | |
Composite of severe neonatal morbidityb | 39 (30%) | 0 (−) | 0.0002 |
Neonatal death within 42 days of birth | 2 (2%) | 0 (−) | 0.42 |
Required resuscitation at birthc | 106 (84%) | 4 (9.5%) | < 0.0001 |
Median duration of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (in days) | 30 (10.8–61.5) | 0 (0–0) | < 0.0001 |
Respiratory distress syndrome | 94 (73%) | 2 (5%) | < 0.0001 |
Required ventilation | 86 (67%) | 0 (−) | < 0.0001 |