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Table 3 Multivariable Fine-Gray model for cause-specific mortality among AF cases

From: Temporal trends in cause-specific mortality among individuals with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study

AF cases, n = 1,920

CVD death (n = 599)

Non-CVD death (n = 722)

sHR

P value

sHR

P value

Age at diagnosis, years

6.33 (5.44, 7.37)

< 0.001

7.61 (6.54, 8.86)

< 0.001

Female

0.96 (0.80, 1.14)

0.60

1.06 (0.91, 1.25)

0.44

Systolic BP, mmHg

1.24 (0.81, 1.88)

0.32

0.91 (0.75, 1.10)

0.32

Diastolic BP, mmHg

1.05 (0.95, 1.16)

0.32

1.05 (0.95, 1.16)

0.32

Body mass index, kg/m2

0.98 (0.90, 1.08)

0.71

0.94 (0.86, 1.02)

0.14

Current smoker

0.95 (0.74, 1.22)

0.67

1.37 (1.11, 1.69)

0.004

Elevated alcohol consumption

0.86 (0.70, 1.06)

0.16

1.06 (0.88, 1.27)

0.55

Diabetes

1.18 (0.93, 1.48)

0.17

0.88 (0.70, 1.10)

0.26

Hypertension treatment

1.18 (0.99, 1.41)

0.06

0.86 (0.74, 1.01)

0.06

Prior heart failure

1.49 (1.14, 1.94)

0.003

0.70 (0.51, 0.96)

0.02

Prior myocardial infarction

1.44 (1.15, 1.80)

0.002

0.89 (0.71, 1.12)

0.32

Prior stroke or transient ischemic attack

1.27 (0.99, 1.64)

0.06

0.96 (0.75, 1.23)

0.75

Prior cancer

0.56 (0.46, 0.70)

< 0.001

1.94 (1.65, 2.28)

< 0.001

Secondary AF

0.92 (0.78, 1.10)

0.36

1.42 (1.22, 1.66)

< 0.001

Anticoagulation at diagnosis

1.00 (0.80, 1.24)

0.98

0.88 (0.72, 1.07)

0.20

Antiplatelet therapy at diagnosis

0.71 (0.57, 0.88)

0.002

0.99 (0.82, 1.18)

0.88

Epoch

    

 1990–2002 vs. < 1990

0.69 (0.56, 0.85)

< 0.001

1.22 (1.01, 1.47)

0.04

 ≥ 2003 vs. < 1990

0.74 (0.57, 0.97)

0.03

1.18 (0.92, 1.52)

0.18

  1. Elevated alcohol consumption is defined as > 14 drinks/week for men and > 7 drinks/week for women
  2. For continuous covariates, the sHR corresponds to 1 standard deviation increase in the covariate (1 SD for age = 11.5 years, BMI 5.3 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure 22.9 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 12.2 mmHg)
  3. This analysis included 1920 AF cases who attended an exam within 10 years prior to diagnosis. After a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 1493 AF cases had died (599 CVD death, 722 non-CVD death, 172 unknown cause) while 427 were still alive
  4. sHR subdistribution hazard ratio, BP blood pressure