Effects of the Norfolk diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention (NDPS) on glycaemic control in screen-detected type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Sampson, Michael; Clark, Allan; Bachmann, Max; Garner, Nikki; Irvine, Lisa; Howe, Amanda; Greaves, Colin; Auckland, Sara; Smith, Jane; Turner, Jeremy; Rea, Dave; Rayman, Gerry; Dhatariya, Ketan; John, W. Garry; Barton, Garry; Usher, Rebecca; Ferns, Clare; Pascale, Melanie

doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02053-x

Table 5 Adjusted differences between groups at 12 months

From: Effects of the Norfolk diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention (NDPS) on glycaemic control in screen-detected type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Analysis	INT-DPM vs INT	p	INT vs CONTROL	p	INT-DPM vs CONTROL	p	Combined intervention vs CONTROL	p
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	−0.17 (−0.54, 0.19)	0.35	−0.03 (−0.41, 0.35)	0.87	−0.21 (−0.52, 0.1)	0.19	−0.12 (−0.42, 0.18)	0.44
Weight (kg)	−0.29 (−1.63, 1.05)	0.67	0.03 (−1.46, 1.53)	0.96	−0.34 (−1.82, 1.15)	0.66	−0.16 (−1.37, 1.05)	0.79
Body mass index (kg/m²)	−0.13 (−0.6, 0.35)	0.60	0.06 (−0.46, 0.58)	0.82	−0.09 (−0.6, 0.43)	0.74	−0.02 (−0.44, 0.41)	0.94
Body fat (%)^a	−0.4 (−1.4, 0.6)	0.43	0.93 (1.9, 2.01)	0.09	0.54 (−0.45, 1.54)	0.28	0.74 (−0.12, 1.59)	0.09
Body fat mass (kg)^a	−0.57 (−1.82, 0.69)	0.38	0.7 (−0.7, 2.1)	0.32	0.12 (−1.15, 1.38)	0.86	0.41 (−0.69, 1.51)	0.46
Visceral fat score^a	0.29 (−0.17, 0.76)	0.21	−0.12 (−0.6, 0.37)	0.63	−0.38(− 0.9, 0.15)	0.16	−0.08 (−0.3, 0.49)	0.70
Waist (cm)	0.17 (−1.4,1.74)	0.83	0.33 (−1.29, 1.95)	0.69	0.44 (−1.24, 2.13)	0.61	0.37 (−0.99, 1.73)	0.59
Physical activity: MET min/week^b	−958 (−2192, 276)	0.13	671 (−478, 1820)	0.25	−234 (−1478, 1011)	0.71	298 (−680, 1277)	0.55
Physical activity: resistance days/wk^b	0.71 (0.29, 1.70)	0.44	4.22 (1.71, 10.44)	0.01	3.32 (1.25,8.80)	0.02	3.81 (1.69, 8.61)	0.01
Physical activity: min sitting/wk^b	71.8 (−33, 176)	0.18	−33 (−121, 54)	0.45	38.1 (−56, 133)	0.43	−0.03 (−78, 77)	1.0
Fat scale score^c	0.17 (0.05, 0.29)	0.01	−0.26 (−0.07, 0.58)	0.28	0.11 (0, 0.23)	0.06	0.02 (−0.08, 0.11)	0.74
Fibre scale score^c	−0.01 (−0.15, 0.13)	0.92	−0.05 (−0.15, 0.05)	0.57	0.01 (−0.12, 0.14)	0.84	0.02 (−0.08, 0.12)	0.71
General well-being score WBQ-12^d	−0.54 (−2.35, 1.27)	0.55	−0.12 (−1.21, 1.44)	0.86	−0.61 (−2.16, 0.94)	0.44	−0.27 (−1.52, 0.99)	0.68
EQ-5D^d	0.06 (0, 0.12)	0.07	−0.03 (−0.09, 0.02)	0.25	0.03 (−0.03, 0.09)	0.36	0 (−0.05, 0.04)	0.86
ADDqol^d	−0.17 (−0.49, 0.16)	0.31	0.1 (−0.18, 0.37)	0.48	−0.06 (−0.34, 0.21)	0.65	0.03 (−0.2, 0.27)	0.79
HOMA–B (%)^e	−5.6 (−13.89, 2.68)	0.18	3.38 (−4.8, 11.5)	0.42	−0.43 (−7.53, 6.67)	0.91	1.37 (−5.24, 7.97)	0.68
HOMA–S (%)^e	5.28 (−5.87, 16.44)	0.35	−3.6 (−15.3, 8.1)	0.55	−1.01 (−14.65, 12.63)	0.88	−1.32 (−11.71, 9.07)	0.80

Data adjusted for baseline value for each variable and shown as change in mean and 95% CI. ^aFat mass (kg and %) by Tanita body composition analyser. ^bPhysical activity scales derived from international physical activity questionnaire IPAQ. ^cDietary fat and fibre scores based on self-reported Diet Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ)—higher fat scale scores indicate lower fat intake. ^dWell-being score (WBQ-12) questionnaire, health-related quality of life score (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and ADDQoL. ^eHomeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of baseline insulin sensitivity (S) and beta cell function (B)

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