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Table 4 Impact on utilization indicators by wealth quintile

From: Decentralized facility financing versus performance-based payments in primary health care: a large-scale randomized controlled trial in Nigeria

Indicator

Group

Q1 (poorest)

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5 (richest)

Overall impact

mCPR (%)

PBF

−0.7

6.6

14.3***

−3.1

7.5

5.7**

DFF

−1.8

2.4

6.8

4.3

−0.8

3.3

PBF vs DFF

2.3

2.7

4.7

−3.9

6.9

2.1

Penta3 immunization (%)

PBF

1.2

5.6

10.4

11.6

24.3*

11.1*

DFF

14.7**

10.4

23.3***

15.5**

29.9**

20.6***

PBF vs DFF

−12.1

0.1

−7.1

−1.2

−7.4

−6.0*

Institutional delivery (%)

PBF

−3.7

1.6

8.4*

4.4

22.4**

6.7*

DFF

−5.5

−19.3***

−0.4

−8.9

15.8**

−3.1

PBF vs DFF

1.7

22.1***

9.2*

14.0***

2.5

10.1***

At least 4 ANC visits (%)

PBF

−1.1*

−29.4***

1.3

0.8

10.6

−3.7

DFF

−6.8

−24.5***

−1.6

−3.9

14.6**

−3.5

PBF vs DFF

−7.5

−9.1

−0.01

4.7

−5.6

−2.5

ITN use by under-fives (%)

PBF

−0.7

2.0

−6.5

−7.6

1.2

−0.9

DFF

1.3

−0.5

4.4

4.2

0.5

3.2

PBF vs DFF

−2.3

3.7

−11.7**

−14.6**

−0.1

−5.6*

  1. Impact on service utilization indicators, disaggregated by the wealth of the patient. *p<0.1, **p<0.05, and ***p<0