The risk of COVID-19 in survivors of domestic violence and abuse

Table 2 The risk of developing COVID-19 in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group

Total number of patients	Exposed group	Unexposed group
Total number of patients	10,462	41,467
Suspected/confirmed COVID-19
Outcome events [n (%)]	190 (1.82)	324 (0.78)
Person-years	9406	37,901
Crude incidence rate/1000 person years	20.2	8.55
Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	2.36 (1.98–2.83), p<0.001
Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)^a	1.57 (1.29–1.90), p<0.001
Confirmed COVID-19
Outcome events [n (%)]	58 (0.55)	135 (0.33)
Person-years	9484	38,011
Crude incidence rate/1000 person years	6.12	3.55
Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	1.73 (1.27–2.35), p<0.001
Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)^a	1.56 (1.13–2.16), p=0.007
Suspected COVID-19
Outcome events [n (%)]	138 (1.32)	193 (0.47)
Person-years	9421	37,946
Crude incidence rate/1000 person years	14.65	5.09
Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)	2.87 (2.31–3.57), p<0.001
Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)^a	1.61 (1.27–2.03), p<0.001

^aAdjusted for currently known risk factors for the development of COVID-19. These include (1) sociodemographic characteristics—age and ethnicity; (2) lifestyle and metabolic profile measures: smoking status, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); (3) comorbidity—type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (peripheral vascular disease, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and heart failure), severe respiratory disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, liver disease (mild, moderate and severe), rheumatic disease (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and psoriasis), neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis and epilepsy), dementia, solid organ transplants and use of immunosuppressive drug therapies

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