Fig. 5

RNA-Seq was used compare gene expression in peripheral whole blood samples collected from COVID-19 convalescents who were clinically referred to a long COVID clinic and those who were not. A Self-reported long COVID symptoms in convalescent individuals. B Volcano plot showing genes that were differentially expressed (DE) at 24 wpi in convalescents referred to a long COVID clinic. Horizontal line corresponds to FDR = 0.05. Positive log₂ fold change values correspond to genes with increased expression in those referred to a long COVID clinic relative to convalescent patients who were not referred. C Heatmap showing the expression of DE genes in each sample at 24 wpi. D Selected REACTOME pathways enriched among up- and downregulated genes by long COVID clinic referral status. See Table S5 for all enriched pathways. E Heatmap showing the expression of DE genes in the REACTOME “platelet activation, signaling and degranulation” pathway. F Barplot showing the enrichment of gene sets from the MSigDB cell type collection. G–N The expression of selected genes at 24 wpi in convalescents referred to a long COVID clinic and those who were not referred. Statistical significance in G–N was assessed using EdgeR. * FDR < 0.05