Skip to main content

Table 3 Verbal and language ability random slopes mixed effects models (n = 12,536)

From: Short stature and language development in the United Kingdom: a longitudinal analysis of children from the Millennium Cohort Study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Wald chi(4) = 98.79

Prob > chi2 < 0.001

Wald chi(5) = 277.67

Prob > chi2 < 0.001

Wald chi(17) = 3804.95

Prob > chi2 < 0.001

Fixed effects

Coef

95% CI

95% CI

95% CI

Coef

95% CI

 Timepoint

 − 0.010*

 − 0.017, − 0.002

 − 0.010*

 − 0.017, − 0.002

 − 0.012**

 − 0.019, − 0.004

Short stature

 − 0.262***

 − 0.374, − 0.151

 − 0.199***

 − 0.310, − 0.088

 − 0.139**

 − 0.243, − 0.035

 Constant

 − 0.061**

 − 0.105, − 0.017

 − 0.628

 − 0.722, − 0.535

 − 1.159***

 − 1.266, − 1.053

Random effects

 Variance (timepoint)

0.039

0.035, 0.044

0.039

0.035, 0.044

0.040

0.035, 0.045

 Variance (constant)

0.669

0.627, 0.714

0.651

0.609, 0.695

0.455

0.417, 0.496

 Covariance (timepoint, constant)

 − 0.109

 − 0.122, − 0.096

 − 0.107

 − 0.120, − 0.094

 − 0.090

 − 0.103, − 0.078

 Variance (residual)

0.536

0.524, 0.547

0.536

0.524, 0.547

0.535

0.524, 0.547

  1. Verbal and language ability random slopes mixed effects model including an interaction between short stature and timepoint (not significant and not shown). Model 1 is adjusted for sex, model 2 adjusted for sex and birth weight (kg) and model 3 for sex, birth weight (kg), ethnicity, mother’s level of education, exposure to second-hand smoke, any breastfeeding, mother’s age at birth of child, mother’s diagnosis of depression or anxiety, mid-parental height SDS, income quintile and IMD. “*” denotes coefficient is significant at p < 0.05 level. “**” denotes coefficient is significant at p < 0.01 level. “***” denotes coefficient is significant at p < 0.001 level