Table 1 Correlation between FSSG scores and 25 background factors of the 19,864 participants (univariate analyses).

Gender (female)

5.1 ± 5.4 (8,371)

4.6 ± 5.1 (11,493)

< 0.0001 *

History of gastrectomy

5.9 ± 6.0 (210)

4.8 ± 5.2 (19,654)

0.0019 *

Use of PPIs

9.0 ± 7.3 (371)

4.7 ± 5.1 (19,493)

< 0.0001 *

Use of H₂RAs

8.2 ± 6.6 (539)

4.7 ± 5.1 (19,325)

< 0.0001 *

Use of other digestive drugs

8.2 ± 6.5 (985)

4.6 ± 5.1 (18,879)

< 0.0001 *

Use of NSAIDs

6.9 ± 5.8 (1,076)

4.7 ± 5.2 (18,788)

< 0.0001 *

Use of steroids

6.1 ± 6.1 (214)

4.8 ± 5.2 (19,650)

0.0002 *

Use of anticoagulants

4.7 ± 4.9 (572)

4.8 ± 5.2 (19,292)

0.6056

Use of antihypertensive drugs

4.6 ± 5.1 (2,581)

4.8 ± 5.2 (17,283)

0.0967

Use of antihyperglycemic agents

3.8 ± 4.3 (561)

4.8 ± 5.2 (19,303)

< 0.0001 *

Use of antihyperlipidemic agents

4.7 ± 5.2 (1,728)

4.8 ± 5.2 (18,136)

0.3572

History of cerebrovascular disease

4.8 ± 5.1 (289)

4.8 ± 5.2 (19,575)

0.9675

History of cardiovascular disease

5.6 ± 5.7 (554)

4.8 ± 5.2 (19,310)

0.0002 *

History of renal failure

4.8 ± 5.2 (86)

4.8 ± 5.2 (19,778)

0.8984

Increased body weight in adulthood

5.2 ± 5.5 (7,449)

4.5 ± 5.0 (12,415)

< 0.0001 *

Lack of habitual physical exercise

5.0 ± 5.3 (14,988)

4.1 ± 4.8 (4,876)

< 0.0001 *

Habit of midnight snack

5.9 ± 6.0 (3,180)

4.6 ± 5.0 (16,684)

< 0.0001 *

Inadequate sleep

6.0 ± 5.8 (7,988)

4.0 ± 4.6 (11,876)

< 0.0001 *

Frequent lack of breakfast

5.9 ± 6.0 (2,709)

4.6 ± 5.1 (17,155)

< 0.0001 *

Dinner just before bedtime

5.6 ± 5.8 (6,035)

4.4 ± 4.9 (13,829)

< 0.0001 *

Habit of quick eating

5.0 ± 5.3 (7,652)

4.6 ± 5.1 (12,212)

< 0.0001 *

Habit of smoking

5.0 ± 5.3 (3,981)

4.7 ± 5.2 (15,883)

0.0013 *

Habit of alcohol drinking

4.8 ± 5.2 (6,553)

4.8 ± 5.2 (13,311)

0.9618

Age

r = -0.06

< 0.0001 *

BMI

r = -0.01

0.2399