Articles

Relation of severe COVID-19 in Scotland to transmission-related factors and risk conditions eligible for shielding support: REACT-SCOT case-control study

Clinically vulnerable individuals have been advised to shield themselves during the COVID-19 epidemic. The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the rate ratio of severe COVID-19 associated with eli...

Authors: Paul M. McKeigue, David A. McAllister, David Caldwell, Ciara Gribben, Jen Bishop, Stuart McGurnaghan, Matthew Armstrong, Joke Delvaux, Sam Colville, Sharon Hutchinson, Chris Robertson, Nazir Lone, Jim McMenamin, David Goldberg and Helen M. Colhoun

Adherence to international dietary recommendations in association with all-cause mortality and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants

International dietary guidelines aim to reduce risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and fatal CVD often associated with poor dietary habits. However, most studies have examined associati...

Authors: Maryam Kebbe, Min Gao, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Susan A. Jebb and Carmen Piernas

Association of statin use in older people primary prevention group with risk of cardiovascular events and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Current evidence from randomized controlled trials on statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older people, especially those aged > 75 years, is still lacking. We conducted a systemat...

Authors: Kamal Awad, Maged Mohammed, Mahmoud Mohamed Zaki, Abdelrahman I. Abushouk, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Michael J. Blaha, Carl J. Lavie, Peter P. Toth, J. Wouter Jukema, Naveed Sattar and Maciej Banach

Using syndromic measures of mortality to capture the dynamics of COVID-19 in Java, Indonesia, in the context of vaccination rollout

As in many countries, quantifying COVID-19 spread in Indonesia remains challenging due to testing limitations. In Java, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented throughout 2020. However, as a v...

Authors: Bimandra A. Djaafara, Charles Whittaker, Oliver J. Watson, Robert Verity, Nicholas F. Brazeau, Widyastuti, Dwi Oktavia, Verry Adrian, Ngabila Salama, Sangeeta Bhatia, Pierre Nouvellet, Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Thomas S. Churcher, Henry Surendra, Rosa N. Lina, Lenny L. Ekawati…

A core outcome set for studies evaluating interventions to prevent and/or treat delirium for adults requiring an acute care hospital admission: an international key stakeholder informed consensus study

Trials of interventions to prevent or treat delirium in adults in an acute hospital setting report heterogeneous outcomes. Our objective was to develop international consensus among key stakeholders for a core...

Authors: Louise Rose, Lisa Burry, Meera Agar, Bronagh Blackwood, Noll L. Campbell, Mike Clarke, John W. Devlin, Jacques Lee, John C. Marshall, Dale M. Needham, Najma Siddiqi and Valerie Page

Impact of replacing sedentary behaviour with other movement behaviours on depression and anxiety symptoms: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank

Sedentary behaviour is potentially a modifiable risk factor for depression and anxiety disorders, but findings have been inconsistent. To assess the associations of sedentary behaviour with depression and anxi...

Authors: A. A. Kandola, B. del Pozo Cruz, D. P. J. Osborn, B. Stubbs, K. W. Choi and J. F. Hayes

The risk of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in Chinese adults with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations < 70 mg/dL

The risk of stroke in individuals with very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations remains high. We sought to prioritize predictive risk factors for stroke in Chinese participants with ...

Authors: Zhijun Wu, Zhe Huang, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Yesong Liu, Shuohua Chen, Yao Jin, Muzi Na, Le Bao, Shouling Wu and Xiang Gao

Utilization of the evidence from studies with no events in meta-analyses of adverse events: an empirical investigation

Zero-events studies frequently occur in systematic reviews of adverse events, which consist of an important source of evidence. We aimed to examine how evidence of zero-events studies was utilized in the meta-...

Authors: Chang Xu, Xiaoqin Zhou, Liliane Zorzela, Ke Ju, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Lifeng Lin, Cuncun Lu, Omran A. H. Musa and Sunita Vohra

Perspectives of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte treatment in solid tumors

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a type of adoptive cellular therapy by harvesting infiltrated lymphocytes from tumors, culturing and amplifying them in vitro and then infusing back to treat pati...

Authors: Shuhang Wang, Jingwei Sun, Kun Chen, Peiwen Ma, Qi Lei, Shujun Xing, Zhongzheng Cao, Shujun Sun, Zicheng Yu, Yarong Liu and Ning Li

A randomized controlled trial of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, artesunate-mefloquine and extended artemether-lumefantrine treatments for malaria in pregnancy on the Thailand-Myanmar border

Artemisinin and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) partner drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum have spread across the Greater Mekong Subregion compromising antimalarial treatment. The current 3-day ...

Authors: Makoto Saito, Verena I. Carrara, Mary Ellen Gilder, Aung Myat Min, Nay Win Tun, Mupawjay Pimanpanarak, Jacher Viladpai-nguen, Moo Kho Paw, Warat Haohankhunnatham, Kamonchanok Konghahong, Aung Pyae Phyo, Cindy Chu, Claudia Turner, Sue J. Lee, Jureeporn Duanguppama, Mallika Imwong…

Serum anti-DIDO1, anti-CPSF2, and anti-FOXJ2 antibodies as predictive risk markers for acute ischemic stroke

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious cause of mortality and disability. AIS is a serious cause of mortality and disability. Early diagnosis of atherosclerosis, which is the major cause of AIS, allows thera...

Authors: Takaki Hiwasa, Hao Wang, Ken-ichiro Goto, Seiichiro Mine, Toshio Machida, Eiichi Kobayashi, Yoichi Yoshida, Akihiko Adachi, Tomoo Matsutani, Mizuki Sata, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Hiroyasu Iso, Norie Sawada, Shoichiro Tsugane, Mitoshi Kunimatsu, Ikuo Kamitsukasa…

A phase IV, multi-centre, randomized clinical trial comparing two pertussis-containing vaccines in pregnant women in England and vaccine responses in their infants

Pertussis vaccines containing three or five pertussis antigens are recommended in pregnancy in many countries, but no studies have compared the effect on infants’ antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concen...

Authors: Christine Elizabeth Jones, Anna Calvert, Jo Southern, Mary Matheson, Nick Andrews, Asma Khalil, Hannah Cuthbertson, Bassam Hallis, Anna England, Paul T. Heath and Elizabeth Miller

An analysis of school absences in England during the COVID-19 pandemic

The introduction of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 infection, in the UK in early 2020, resulted in the introduction of several control policies to reduce disease spread. As part of these restrictio...

Authors: Emma Southall, Alex Holmes, Edward M. Hill, Benjamin D. Atkins, Trystan Leng, Robin N. Thompson, Louise Dyson, Matt J. Keeling and Michael J. Tildesley

Renin-angiotensin system blockers and COVID-19

Authors: Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot and Nathalie Gault

Clinical features of bacterial meningitis among hospitalised children in Kenya

Diagnosing bacterial meningitis is essential to optimise the type and duration of antimicrobial therapy to limit mortality and sequelae. In sub-Saharan Africa, many public hospitals lack laboratory capacity, r...

Authors: Christina W. Obiero, Neema Mturi, Salim Mwarumba, Moses Ngari, Charles R. Newton, Michaël Boele van Hensbroek and James A. Berkley

Understanding menstrual cycle effects on suicide will require prospective studies of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in premenstrual disorders

Authors: Sarah A. Owens and Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul

Promoting physical activity in a multi-ethnic population at high risk of diabetes: the 48-month PROPELS randomised controlled trial

Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease but limited evidence exists for the sustained promotion of increased physical activity within diabetes preventi...

Authors: Kamlesh Khunti, Simon Griffin, Alan Brennan, Helen Dallosso, Melanie J. Davies, Helen C. Eborall, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Laura J. Gray, Wendy Hardeman, Laura Heathcote, Joe Henson, Daniel Pollard, Stephen J. Sharp, Stephen Sutton, Jacqui Troughton and Tom Yates

The effects of dietary and lifestyle interventions among pregnant women with overweight or obesity on early childhood outcomes: an individual participant data meta-analysis from randomised trials

The impact of maternal obesity extends beyond birth, being independently associated with an increased risk of child obesity. Current evidence demonstrates that women provided with a dietary intervention during...

Authors: Jennie Louise, Amanda J. Poprzeczny, Andrea R. Deussen, Christina Vinter, Mette Tanvig, Dorte Moller Jensen, Annick Bogaerts, Roland Devlieger, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, Kristina M. Renault, Emma Carlsen, Nina Geiker, Lucilla Poston, Annette Briley, Shakila Thangaratinam and Jodie M. Dodd

Long-term impact of a conditional cash transfer programme on maternal mortality: a nationwide analysis of Brazilian longitudinal data

Reducing poverty and improving access to health care are two of the most effective actions to decrease maternal mortality, and conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes act on both. The aim of this study was ...

Authors: Davide Rasella, Flávia Jôse Oliveira Alves, Poliana Rebouças, Gabriela Santos de Jesus, Maurício L. Barreto, Tereza Campello and Enny S. Paixao

Community-based molecular and serological surveillance of subclinical malaria in Myanmar

In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), current malaria surveillance strategies rely on a network of village health volunteers (VHVs) reporting the results of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), known to miss many a...

Authors: Katherine O’Flaherty, Win Han Oo, Sophie G. Zaloumis, Julia C. Cutts, Kyaw Zayar Aung, Myat Mon Thein, Damien R. Drew, Zahra Razook, Alyssa E. Barry, Naanki Parischa, Nyi Nyi Zaw, Htin Kyaw Thu, Aung Thi, Wai Yan Min Htay, Aung Paing Soe, Julie A. Simpson…

Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with the neonatal gut microbiota and metabolome

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease that occurs in pregnant women and increases the risk for the development of diabetes. The relationship between GDM and meconium microbiota and metabol...

Authors: Ting Chen, Yufeng Qin, Minjian Chen, Yuqing Zhang, Xu Wang, Tianyu Dong, Guanglin Chen, Xian Sun, Ting Lu, Richard Allen White III, Peng Ye, Hein M. Tun and Yankai Xia

Clinical indications of premenstrual disorders and subsequent risk of injury: a population-based cohort study in Sweden

Premenstrual disorders, including premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, are suggested to be correlated with suicidal behavior and accidents in cross-sectional and retrospective studies. Ho...

Authors: Qian Yang, Arvid Sjölander, Yuchen Li, Alexander Viktorin, Elizabeth R. Bertone-Johnson, Weimin Ye, Fang Fang, Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir and Donghao Lu

Risk of major labour-related complications for pregnancies progressing to 42 weeks or beyond

Post-term gestation beyond 41⁺⁶ completed weeks of gestation is known to be associated with a sharp increase in the risk of stillbirth and perinatal mortality. However, the risk of common adverse outcomes related...

Authors: Anthea C. Lindquist, Roxanne M. Hastie, Richard J. Hiscock, Natasha L. Pritchard, Susan P. Walker and Stephen Tong

Hand hygiene intervention to optimise soil-transmitted helminth infection control among primary school children: the Mikono Safi cluster randomised controlled trial in northwestern Tanzania

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are highly prevalent in resource-limited countries. We assessed the effect of a combination intervention aiming to enhance handwashing with soap on STH reinfection fo...

Authors: Kenneth Makata, Jeroen Ensink, Philip Ayieko, Christian Hansen, Simon Sichalwe, Julius Mngara, Onike Mcharo, Humphrey Mazigo, Jeremiah Seni, Robert Dreibelbis, Sarah Rockowitz, Elialilia Okello, Heiner Grosskurth, Safari Kinung’hi and Saidi Kapiga

Sequelae, persistent symptomatology and outcomes after COVID-19 hospitalization: the ANCOHVID multicentre 6-month follow-up study

Long-term effects of COVID-19, also called Long COVID, affect more than 10% of patients. The most severe cases (i.e. those requiring hospitalization) present a higher frequency of sequelae, but detailed inform...

Authors: Álvaro Romero-Duarte, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, Inmaculada Guerrero-Fernández de Alba, Marina Pérez-Contreras, Nicolás Francisco Fernández-Martínez, Rafael Ruiz-Montero, Álvaro Serrano-Ortiz, Rocío Ortiz González-Serna, Inmaculada Salcedo-Leal, Eladio Jiménez-Mejías and Antonio Cárdenas-Cruz

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children

Children living in sub-Saharan Africa have a high burden of rickets and infectious diseases, conditions that are linked to vitamin D deficiency. However, data on the vitamin D status of young African children ...

Authors: Reagan M. Mogire, Alireza Morovat, John Muthii Muriuki, Alexander J. Mentzer, Emily L. Webb, Wandia Kimita, Francis M. Ndungu, Alex W. Macharia, Clare L. Cutland, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Amidou Diarra, Alfred B. Tiono, Swaib A. Lule, Shabir A. Madhi, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Andrew M. Prentice…

Sex differences in the association between major cardiovascular risk factors in midlife and dementia: a cohort study using data from the UK Biobank

Sex differences in major cardiovascular risk factors for incident (fatal or non-fatal) all-cause dementia were assessed in the UK Biobank. The effects of these risk factors on all-cause dementia were explored ...

Authors: Jessica Gong, Katie Harris, Sanne A. E. Peters and Mark Woodward

Evaluation of a serum-based antigen test for tuberculosis in HIV-exposed infants: a diagnostic accuracy study

Non-sputum methods are urgently needed to improve tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment monitoring in children. This study evaluated the ability of a serum assay quantifying a species-specific peptide of the Mycob...

Authors: Liyan Mao, Sylvia M. LaCourse, Soyeon Kim, Chang Liu, Bo Ning, Duran Bao, Jia Fan, Christopher J. Lyon, Ziyong Sun, Sharon Nachman, Charles D. Mitchell and Tony Y. Hu

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the incidence and mortality of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: national interrupted time series analyses for Scotland and Wales

The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing national lockdowns have dramatically changed the healthcare landscape. The pandemic’s impact on people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains poorly underst...

Authors: Mohammad A. Alsallakh, Shanya Sivakumaran, Sharon Kennedy, Eleftheria Vasileiou, Ronan A. Lyons, Chris Robertson, Aziz Sheikh and Gwyneth A. Davies

Training for outbreak response through the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network

For 20 years, the Global Outbreak Response and Alert Network (GOARN) has been a leader in the coordination of international outbreak response. On the premise that no single institution can provide all capaciti...

Authors: Renee Christensen, Dale Fisher, Sharon Salmon, Patrick Drury and Paul Effler

Global burden of hypertension in people living with HIV

Authors: Jean Joel Bigna and Jean Jacques Noubiap

Association between HIV infection and hypertension: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

Improved access to effective antiretroviral therapy has meant that people living with HIV (PLHIV) are surviving to older ages. However, PLHIV may be ageing differently to HIV-negative individuals, with dissimi...

Authors: Katherine Davis, Pablo Perez-Guzman, Annika Hoyer, Ralph Brinks, Edward Gregg, Keri N. Althoff, Amy C. Justice, Peter Reiss, Simon Gregson and Mikaela Smit

Impact of in-hospital discontinuation with angiotensin receptor blockers or converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study

In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the hypothesis that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) increased the risk and/or severity of the disease was w...

Authors: Francisco J. de Abajo, Antonio Rodríguez-Miguel, Sara Rodríguez-Martín, Victoria Lerma and Alberto García-Lledó

Variation in hypertension clinical practice guidelines: a global comparison

Hypertension is the largest single contributor to the global burden of disease, affecting an estimated 1.39 billion people worldwide. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can aid in the effective management of ...

Authors: Richu Philip, Thomas Beaney, Nick Appelbaum, Carmen Rodriguez Gonzalvez, Charlotte Koldeweij, Amelia Kataria Golestaneh, Neil Poulter and Jonathan M. Clarke

Associations of sleep apnoea with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration: an analysis in the United Kingdom Biobank and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Sleep apnoea, a common sleep-disordered breathing condition, is characterised by upper airway collapse during sleep resulting in transient hypoxia, hypoperfusion of the optic nerve, and spike in intracranial p...

Authors: Xikun Han, Samantha Sze-Yee Lee, Nathan Ingold, Nigel McArdle, Anthony P. Khawaja, Stuart MacGregor and David A. Mackey

Comparison of infection control strategies to reduce COVID-19 outbreaks in homeless shelters in the United States: a simulation study

COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred in homeless shelters across the US, highlighting an urgent need to identify the most effective infection control strategy to prevent future outbreaks.

Authors: Lloyd A. C. Chapman, Margot Kushel, Sarah N. Cox, Ashley Scarborough, Caroline Cawley, Trang Q. Nguyen, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Bryan Greenhouse, Elizabeth Imbert and Nathan C. Lo

Swedish snuff (snus) and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older individuals

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether smokeless tobacco such as snuff is associated with the risk of CVD is still unclear. We investigated the association ...

Authors: Olga E. Titova, John A. Baron, Karl Michaëlsson and Susanna C. Larsson

The importance of transdiagnostic symptom level assessment to understanding prognosis for depressed adults: analysis of data from six randomised control trials

Depression is commonly perceived as a single underlying disease with a number of potential treatment options. However, patients with major depression differ dramatically in their symptom presentation and comor...

Authors: C. O’Driscoll, J. E. J. Buckman, E. I. Fried, R. Saunders, Z. D. Cohen, G. Ambler, R. J. DeRubeis, S. Gilbody, S. D. Hollon, T. Kendrick, D. Kessler, G. Lewis, E. Watkins, N. Wiles and S. Pilling

Correction to: Genetic architecture of cardiometabolic risks in people living with HIV

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Haoxiang Cheng, Anshuman Sewda, Carla Marquez-Luna, Sierra R. White, Bridget M. Whitney, Jessica Williams-Nguyen, Robin M. Nance, Won Jun Lee, Mari M. Kitahata, Michael S. Saag, Amanda Willig, Joseph J. Eron, W. Christopher Mathews, Peter W. Hunt, Richard D. Moore, Allison Webel…

Functional connectivity changes in cerebral small vessel disease - a systematic review of the resting-state MRI literature

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common neurological disease present in the ageing population that is associated with an increased risk of dementia and stroke. Damage to white matter tracts compromise...

Authors: Maximilian Schulz, Caroline Malherbe, Bastian Cheng, Götz Thomalla and Eckhard Schlemm

The impact of child health interventions and risk factors on child survival in Kenya, 1993–2014: a Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis with counterfactual scenarios

During the millennium development goals period, reduction in under-five mortality (U5M) and increases in child health intervention coverage were characterised by sub-national disparities and inequities across ...

Authors: Peter M. Macharia, Noel K. Joseph, Robert W. Snow, Benn Sartorius and Emelda A. Okiro

Nutritional research is moving to a whole-diet approach, time for food policy

Authors: Briar L. McKenzie and Lindsay M. Jaacks

Metabolic signatures of greater body size and their associations with risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

The mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer relationship are incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterise metabolic signatures of greater body size and to investigate their association with two o...

Authors: Nathalie Kliemann, Vivian Viallon, Neil Murphy, Rebecca J. Beeken, Joseph A. Rothwell, Sabina Rinaldi, Nada Assi, Eline H. van Roekel, Julie A. Schmidt, Kristin Benjaminsen Borch, Claudia Agnoli, Ann H. Rosendahl, Hanna Sartor, José María Huerta, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær…

What neurological and psychiatric effects does COVID-19 have on its survivors?

Authors: Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis

Shared genetic etiology and causality between body fat percentage and cardiovascular diseases: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis

Accumulating evidences have suggested that high body fat percentage (BF%) often occurs in parallel with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), implying a common etiology between them. However, the shared genetic etio...

Authors: Zhenhuang Zhuang, Minhao Yao, Jason Y. Y. Wong, Zhonghua Liu and Tao Huang

Prediction of individuals at high risk of chronic kidney disease during treatment with lithium for bipolar disorder

Lithium is the most effective treatment in bipolar disorder. Its use is limited by concerns about risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to develop a model to predict risk of CKD following lithium trea...

Authors: Joseph F. Hayes, David P. J. Osborn, Emma Francis, Gareth Ambler, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Magnus Boman, Ian C. K. Wong, John R. Geddes, Christina Dalman and Glyn Lewis

Estimating the effectiveness of routine asymptomatic PCR testing at different frequencies for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections

Routine asymptomatic testing using RT-PCR of people who interact with vulnerable populations, such as medical staff in hospitals or care workers in care homes, has been employed to help prevent outbreaks among...

Authors: Joel Hellewell, Timothy W. Russell, Rupert Beale, Gavin Kelly, Catherine Houlihan, Eleni Nastouli and Adam J. Kucharski

Falciparum but not vivax malaria increases the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women followed prospectively from the first trimester

Malaria and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDoP) affect millions of pregnancies worldwide, particularly those of young, first-time mothers. Small case-control studies suggest a positive association betwe...

Authors: Whitney E. Harrington, Kerryn A. Moore, Aung Myat Min, Mary Ellen Gilder, Nay Win Tun, Moo Kho Paw, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Stephane Proux, Kesinee Chotivanich, Marcus J. Rijken, Nicholas J. White, François Nosten and Rose McGready

Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study

Whether a modestly elevated homocysteine level is causally associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease remains unestablished. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to assess the associat...

Authors: Shuai Yuan, Amy M. Mason, Paul Carter, Stephen Burgess and Susanna C. Larsson

Associations between dietary patterns and the incidence of total and fatal cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in 116,806 individuals from the UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study

Traditionally, studies investigating diet and health associations have focused on single nutrients. However, key nutrients co-exist in many common foods, and studies focusing solely on individual nutrients may...

Authors: Min Gao, Susan A. Jebb, Paul Aveyard, Gina L. Ambrosini, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Jennifer Carter, Xinying Sun and Carmen Piernas