From: Control of neglected tropical diseases needs a long-term commitment
Disease | Major factors for human infection | Comprehensive control measures | Endpoint targets of control |
---|---|---|---|
Onchocerciasis | Parasites Black flies (transmitting infective larvae during blood feeding) Human activities (near black fly breeding sites) | Treatment with ivermectin Health education for self-protection Case management | Elimination |
Lymphatic filariasis | Parasites Mosquitoes (transmitting infective larvae during blood feeding) Poor sanitation (mosquito breeding sites) Human behaviour (without self-protection) | Treatment with albendazole plus ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine Self-protection (bed net) Health education for behavioural change Hygiene and sanitation Case management | Elimination as a public health problem worldwide by the year 2020 |
Schistosomiasis | Parasites Intermediate host snails in fresh water releasing infective larvae Poor hygiene and sanitation Human behaviour (water contact and defecating/urinating in/near water) | Treatment with praziquantel Snail management Health education for behavioural change Hygiene and sanitation Clean water supply Hospitalisation of severe cases | Morbidity control |
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis | Parasites Poor hygiene and sanitation Human behaviour (passing eggs to the environment in faeces, barefoot, not washing hands, and so on) | Treatment with albendazole or mebendazole Health education for behavioural change Hygiene and sanitation Clean water supply | Morbidity control |
Trachoma | Bacteria Poor hygiene and sanitation Human behaviour (lack of facial washing) | SAFE strategy: Surgical case management (S) Treatment with azithromycin (A) Clean water supply for facial washing (F) Hygiene and sanitation in the environment (E) Health education for behavioural change | Elimination as a blinding disease worldwide by the year 2020 |