Table 3 Changes in primary and secondary outcomes

Variable

Studies (#)

Participants (#)

ES (#)

(95% CI)

Q(p)

I ²(%)

95% PI

Primary Outcomes

6

559

8

-15.5 (-20.3, -10.7)^a

221.0 (<0.001)^a

96.8

-32.1, 1.1

6

559

8

-0.5 (-4.0, 3.1)

1678.9 (<0.001)^a

99.6

-13.6, 12.6

4

429

6

-0.4 (-0.7, -0.2)^a

11.5 (0.04)^a

56.7

-1.0, 0.1

6

559

8

-9.2 (-12.7, -5.8)^a

143.5 (<0.001)^a

95.1

-21, 2.5

6

559

8

-10.6 (-17.2, -4.0)^a

691.9 (<0.001)^a

99.0

-32.5, 11.3

Secondary Outcomes

5

481

7

-5.7 (-7.4, -4.1)^a

26.7 (<0.001)^a

77.5

-11.0, -0.5

4

217

4

-1.5 (-2.1, -0.8)^a

11.7 (0.008)^a

74.3

-4.2, 1.3

3

312

4

-0.01(-0.015, 0.003)

4.0 (0.3)

25.8

-0.03, 0.02

4

384

5

5.1 (2.7, 7.5)^a

33.2 (<0.001)^a

88.0

-3.9, 14.1

4

450

6

-283 (-453, -114)^a

17.5 (0.004)^a

71.5

-805, 238

4

323

5

6.0 (4.0, 8.0)^a

18.6 (0.001)^a

78.4

-1.1, 13.2

5

493

7

-7.6 (-9.8, -5.3)^a

54.1 (<0.001)^a

88.9

-15.3, 0.2

4

348

5

-4.2 (-5.4, -3.1)^a

24.3 (<0.001)^a

83.6

-8.5, 0.1

3

386

5

-115 (-148, -83)^a

10.3 (<0.04)^a

61.2

-222, -9.0