Characteristics | No NAFLD (n = 4,117) | NAFLD (n = 1,067) | Pvalue | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Value | 95% CI | Value | 95% CI |  |
Age, years | 40.42 | 39.59 to 41.25 | 45.32 | 43.97 to 46.67 | <0.001 |
Female sex, % | 52.6 | 50.4 to 54.7 | 45.6 | 41.7 to 49.5 | 0.005 |
Race/ethnicity, % | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Non-Hispanic white | 74.9 | 71.2 to 78.3 | 73.6 | 69.6 to 77.3 |  |
 Non-Hispanic black | 11.6 | 10.1 to 13.4 | 8.7 | 7.3 to 10.3 |  |
 Mexican-American | 4.7 | 3.7 to 5.8 | 7.6 | 6.2 to 9.3 |  |
 Other | 8.8 | 6.5 to 11.8 | 10.1 | 7.3 to 13.8 |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
 < High school | 5.5 | 4.2 to 7.1 | 8.4 | 6.4 to 11.1 |  |
 High school | 14.1 | 12.5 to 16.0 | 18.9 | 15.6 to 22.8 |  |
 > High school | 80.4 | 77.7 to 82.8 | 72.6 | 67.8 to 77.0 |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Never | 48.6 | 46.2 to 51.1 | 41.9 | 38.1 to 45.7 |  |
 Former | 23.2 | 21.5 to 25.1 | 32.8 | 29.4 to 36.5 |  |
 Current | 28.1 | 25.8 to 30.6 | 25.3 | 21.7 to 29.3 |  |
Diabetes, % | 1.9 | 1.6 to 2.2 | 9.8 | 7.6 to 12.5 | <0.001 |
Hypertension, % | 16.0 | 14.6 to 17.6 | 33.7 | 29.9 to 37.6 | <0.001 |
Lipid-lowering medication, % | 2.4 | 1.8 to 3.0 | 5.0 | 3.4 to 7.1 | <0.001 |
History of CVD, % | 1.8 | 1.3 to 2.3 | 3.9 | 2.8 to 5.4 | 0.002 |
Metabolic syndrome, % | 16.9 | 15.3 to 18.7 | 54.8 | 51.2 to 58.5 | <0.001 |
Abdominal obesity, % | 28.0 | 26.5 to 29.5 | 65.2 | 61.3 to 68.9 | <0.001 |
Hypertriglyceridemia, % | 22.8 | 20.5 to 25.3 | 54.3 | 50.4 to 58.2 | <0.001 |
Impaired fasting glucose, % | 20.1 | 18.5 to 21.8 | 42.1 | 38.4 to 46.0 | <0.001 |
Low HDL level, % | 35.50 | 32.7 to 38.5 | 60.1 | 54.9 to 65.0 | <0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.72 | 25.51 to 25.93 | 30.29 | 29.76 to 30.82 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm | 88.82 | 88.35 to 89.3 | 101.75 | 100.36 to 103.13 | <0.001 |
Serum cholesterol, mg/dl | 199.83 | 198.5 to 201.17 | 208.63 | 205.63 to 211.63 | <0.001 |
Serum triglycerides, mg/dl | 117.71 | 114.18 to 121.24 | 192.30 | 183.44 to 201.15 | <0.001 |
Serum HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 51.04b | 50.15 to 51.93 | 42.91d | 41.67 to 44.15 | <0.001 |
Plasma glucose, mg/dl | 94.07c | 93.41 to 94.73 | 104.95 | 102.56 to 107.33 | <0.001 |
Serum insulin, μU/ml | 8.80 | 8.54 to 9.06 | 16.09 | 14.85 to 17.33 | <0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 118.42 | 117.55 to 119.3 | 125.7e | 124.7 to 126.7 | <0.001 |
AST, U/L | 19.60 | 19.21 to 20 | 25.24 | 24.31 to 26.17 | <0.001 |
ALT, U/L | 15.70 | 15.03 to 16.36 | 25.68 | 24.27 to 27.09 | <0.001 |
GGT, U/L | 24.42 | 23.69 to 25.15 | 41.61 | 37.77 to 45.44 | <0.001 |
FLI | 34.70 | 33.41 to 35.99 | 67.56 | 64.92 to 70.2 | <0.001 |
HSI | 33.10 | 32.7 to 33.49 | 39.26 | 38.64 to 39.89 | <0.001 |
LFS |  1.92 |  2.03 to to 1.82 | 0.21 |  0.04 to 0.46 | <0.001 |
Liver fat percentage, % | 2.45 | 2.33 to 2.56 | 5.88 | 5.49 to 6.27 | <0.001 |
LAP | 39.74 | 38.08 to 41.40 | 91.71 | 86.35 to 97.06 | <0.001 |