From: Prevalence, distribution, and social determinants of tobacco use in 30 sub-Saharan African countries
 | Men | Women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Smoking | P value | SLT use | P value | Smoking | P value | SLT use | P value |
 | aOR (95% CI) |  | aOR (95% CI) |  | aOR (95% CI) |  | aOR (95% CI) |  |
Age group | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
15–19 | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
20–29 | 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) |  | 1.22 (1.10, 1.34) |  | 1.62 (1.47, 1.80) |  | 1.98 (1.82, 2.15) |  |
30–39 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) |  | 1.77 (1.60, 1.96) |  | 2.58 (2.28, 2.91) |  | 4.08 (3.70, 4.49) |  |
40–49 | 1.22 (1.14, 1.32) |  | 2.93 (2.61, 3.29) |  | 4.30 (3.36, 5.51) |  | 8.37 (6.70, 10.44) |  |
≥50¶ | 5.31 (4.75, 5.93) |  | 7.03 (5.76, 8.59) |  | – |  | – |  |
Education | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Higher | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Secondary | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | Â | 1.15 (1.05, 1.26) | Â | 1.80 (1.59, 2.04) | Â | 1.49 (1.36, 1.64) | Â |
Primary | 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) | Â | 1.75 (1.56, 1.96) | Â | 1.88 (1.60, 2.22) | Â | 2.97 (2.56, 3.46) | Â |
No education | 1.80 (1.61, 2.00) | Â | 2.62 (2.04, 3.36) | Â | 2.00 (1.47, 2.72) | Â | 10.68 (6.60, 17.26) | Â |
Wealth index | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Richest | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Richer | 1.16 (1.10, 1.23) | Â | 1.30 (1.18, 1.43) | Â | 1.13 (1.00, 1.28) | Â | 1.33 (1.21, 1.47) | Â |
Middle | 1.23 (1.16, 1.31) | Â | 1.32 (1.18, 1.47) | Â | 1.27 (1.10, 1.46) | Â | 1.49 (1.34, 1.66) | Â |
Poorer | 1.38 (1.29, 1.48) | Â | 1.92 (1.68, 2.18) | Â | 1.37 (1.18, 1.58) | Â | 2.05 (1.79, 2.34) | Â |
Poorest | 1.51 (1.39, 1.64) | Â | 2.89 (2.40, 3.50) | Â | 1.24 (1.02, 1.50) | Â | 3.36 (2.71, 4.16) | Â |
Religion | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Islam | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Catholic | 1.67 (1.53, 1.83) | Â | 1.62 (1.33, 1.99) | Â | 1.95 (1.49, 2.54) | Â | 1.52 (1.18, 1.96) | Â |
Protestant | 1.40 (1.30, 1.50) | Â | 0.88 (0.77, 0.99) | Â | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | Â | 0.77 (0.67, 0.90) | Â |
Other Christian†| 2.08 (1.92, 2.26) |  | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) |  | 2.10 (1.70, 2.59) |  | 0.99 (0.84, 1.16) |  |
No Religion* | 2.48 (2.30, 2.67) | Â | 1.56 (1.34, 1.82) | Â | 2.37 (1.91, 2.94) | Â | 1.13 (0.95, 1.35) | Â |
Marital status | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Not in Union | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Married | 1.66 (1.52, 1.82) | Â | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) | Â | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) | Â | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) | Â |
Living Together | 1.93 (1.78, 2.09) | Â | 1.29 (1.12, 1.49) | Â | 1.58 (1.39, 1.80) | Â | 1.25 (1.13, 1.38) | Â |
Single¥ | 2.07 (1.89, 2.26) |  | 1.48 (1.26, 1.75) |  | 2.04 (1.68, 2.49) |  | 1.79 (1.48, 2.16) |  |
Residence | Â | <0.001 | Â | 0.878 | Â | <0.001 | Â | 0.288 |
Urban | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Rural | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) | Â | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | Â | 1.52 (1.31, 1.76) | Â | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | Â |
Occupation | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | 0.051 | Â | <0.001 |
Unemployed | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
Professional× | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) |  | 0.85 (0.76, 0.93) |  | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) |  | 0.88 (0.76, 1.02) |  |
Agriculture | 1.37 (1.28, 1.46) | Â | 1.29 (1.13, 1.49) | Â | 1.02 (0.85, 1.23) | Â | 1.30 (1.10, 1.54) | Â |
Unskilled | 1.82 (1.68, 1.97) | Â | 1.71 (1.44, 2.04) | Â | 1.18 (0.99, 1.40) | Â | 1.11 (0.94, 1.30) | Â |