From: Causes and consequences of coagulation activation in sepsis: an evolutionary medicine perspective
Model (genetic alteration) | Effect on hemostasis* | Sepsis/infection model | Effect on pathogen clearance/sepsis severity |
---|---|---|---|
EPCR deficiency | ↑ | Pneumococcal sepsis | ↓ bacterial dissemination [81] |
Melioidosis** | Unaltered [82] | ||
Endotoxemia | ↑ mortality [83] | ||
α2-antiplasmin deficiency | ↓ | Melioidosis** | ↑ mortality, ↑ bacterial dissemination [59] |
Overexpression of EPCR | ↓ | Pneumococcal sepsis | ↑ bacterial dissemination [81] |
Melioidosis** | ↑ bacterial dissemination [82] | ||
t-PA deficiency | ↑ | Melioidosis** | ↓ mortality, ↓ bacterial dissemination [56] |
Septic peritonitis | ↑ mortality, ↑ bacterial dissemination [84] | ||
Factor XI deficiency | ↓ | Y. enterocolitica (ip) | Unaltered [51] |
Peritoneal sepsis | ↓ mortality [71] | ||
Listeriosis | ↓ mortality, ↓ bacterial dissemination [70] | ||
Factor VIII deficiency | ↓ | Endotoxemia | Unaltered [85] |
E. coli (ip) | ↑ bacterial growth, ↔ survival [86] | ||
Factor IX deficiency | ↓ | Endotoxemia | Unaltered [85] |
PAI-1 deficiency | ↓ | Melioidosis** | ↑ mortality, ↑ bacterial dissemination [57] |
H. influenza infection | ↑ bacterial dissemination [58] | ||
Klebsiella pneumonia | ↑ mortality, ↑ bacterial dissemination [87] | ||
Fibrinogen deficiency | ↓ | Y. enterocolitica (ip) | ↑ mortality, ↑ bacterial dissemination [51] |
Group A streptococci | ↑ mortality [52] | ||
Listeriosis | ↑ mortality, ↑ bacterial dissemination [50] | ||
Factor V deficiency | ↓ | Group A streptococci | ↑ mortality [52] |
Tissue factor deficiency | ↓ | S. aureus sepsis | Unaltered [72] |
Y. enterocolitica (ip) | ↑ mortality [51] | ||
Endotoxemia | ↓ inflammation [88] | ||
Endotoxemia | ↓ mortality, ↓ inflammation [31] | ||
PAI-1 + TAFI double deficiency | ↓ | Y. enterocolitica (ip) | ↑ mortality [51] |
Factor II deficiency | ↓ | S. aureus sepsis | ↓ mortality [72] |
Factor XIII deficiency | ↓ | S. aureus sepsis | Unaltered [72] |
S. pyogenes (skin) | ↑ bacterial dissemination [15] | ||
Protein C deficiency (het) | ↑ | Endotoxemia | ↑ mortality [89] |
TAFI deficiency | ↓ | E. coli (ip) | Transient ↑ bacterial outgrowth [90] |
Factor VII deficiency | ↓ | Endotoxemia | ↓ mortality, ↓ inflammation [32] |
Factor V leiden | ↑ | Septic peritonitis | Unaltered [91] |
Endotoxemia | ↓ mortality [76]*** |