Table 6 Efficacy or effectiveness of vaccination against human papillomavirus in males: infections in participants who were seronegative and PCR-negative at enrolment
Study | Design | No. of events/no. of participants | Unadjusted estimate (95% CI) | Confounder-adjusted estimate (95% CI) | VE (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccine | Control | |||||
Incident anogenital infection | ||||||
 HPV 16 | ||||||
  Giuliano et al. (2011) [32]a | RCT | 62/2337.7 pyrs | 103/2287.8 pyrs | NR | NA | 41.1% (18.5–57.7%) |
 HPV 18 | ||||||
  Giuliano et al. (2011) [32]a | RCT | 25/2441.3 pyrs | 66/2440.6 pyrs | NR | NA | 62.1% (39.2–77.1%) |
Persisting anogenital infection | ||||||
 HPV 16 | ||||||
  Giuliano et al. (2011) [32]a | RCT | 9/2382.4 pyrs | 41/2312.9 pyrs | NR | NA | 78.7% (55.5–90.9%) |
 HPV 18 | ||||||
  Giuliano et al. (2011) [32]a | RCT | 1/2461.9 pyrs | 25/2453.5 pyrs | NR | NA | 96% (75.6–99.9%) |
Incident anal infection | ||||||
 HPV 16 | ||||||
  Palefsky et al. (2011) [33]a | RCT | 6/326 pyrs | 25/322.8 pyrs | NR | NA | 76.2% (40.7–92%) |
 HPV 18 | ||||||
  Palefsky et al. (2011) [33]a | RCT | 0/346.3 pyrs | 16/375.1 pyrs | NR | NA | 100% (71.9–100%) |
Persisting anal infection | ||||||
 HPV 16 | ||||||
  Palefsky et al. (2011) [33]a | RCT | 1/331.5 pyrs | 16/329.9 pyrs | NR | NA | 93.8% (60.0–99.9%) |
 HPV 18 | ||||||
  Palefsky et al. (2011) [33]a | RCT | 0/346.3 pyrs | 10/376.2 pyrs | NR | NA | 100% (51.5–100%) |