Fig. 3

Effect of the UPBEAT intervention (difference in mean rate of change for each metabolic measure in SD units per 4 weeks of gestational age comparing those in the intervention arm to those receiving standard care) on mean rate of change in metabolic traits in SD units per 4 weeks (n = 1158). a The effect of the intervention for all (extremely large, very large, large, medium, small and very small) VLDL particle concentrations; all IDL particle concentrations; all (large, medium and small) LDL particle concentrations. b The effect of the intervention for all (very large, large, medium and small) HDL particle concentrations; lipoprotein particle sizes; all cholesterols; all glycerides and phospholipids; apolipoproteins; all fatty acids (absolute concentrations and percentages of total fatty acids). c The effect of the intervention for glycolysis-related metabolites; amino acids; ketone bodies; fluid balance and inflammatory markers. Circles are the difference in mean rate of change for each metabolic measure in SD units per 4 weeks of gestation comparing those randomised to intervention to those randomised to control (usual antenatal care) and horizontal lines are the 95% CIs for these differences. SDs were calculated from women in the control group. Results for the differences by randomised group for all traits in the original units (e.g. mmol/L) together with absolute p values are shown in Additional file 1: Table S5. * Results statistically significant at the conventional p < 0.05 after controlling for the false discovery rate. HDL high-density lipoprotein, IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, SD standard deviation, VLDL very low-density lipoprotein