The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and hepatic steatosis: cross-sectional analysis of two independent studies, the UK Fenland Study and the Swiss CoLaus Study

Table 2 Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and prevalence of hepatic steatosis defined by abdominal ultrasound, Fenland Study

	Prevalence ratio (95% CI) across quintiles of pyramid-based Mediterranean diet score^*					p _trend	Prevalence ratio (95% CI) per SD difference^*
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	p _trend	Prevalence ratio (95% CI) per SD difference^*
Range of scores	3.30–7.84	7.85–8.73	8.74–9.46	9.47–10.28	10.29–14.03
N total	1929	1929	1929	1929	1929
N cases (score ≥ 5 of 3 to 12)	602	547	450	391	313
Multivariable + SES + dietary factor^†	1.00 (ref.)	0.99 (0.86, 1.12)	0.82 (0.71, 0.95)	0.76 (0.65, 0.88)	0.67 (0.56, 0.78)	< 0.001	0.86 (0.81, 0.90)
Multivariable + BMI^‡	1.00 (ref.)	1.02 (0.89, 1.16)	0.94 (0.81, 1.08)	0.90 (0.77, 1.04)	0.88 (0.75, 1.04)	0.043	0.95 (0.90, 1.00)

SES socio-economic status, BMI body mass index
^*In categorical analysis, the population was divided into five groups by quintiles (Q1–Q5) of the Mediterranean diet score, standard deviation is 1.43 for the Mediterranean diet score
^†Adjusted for age (years), test sites (Cambridge, Ely, and Wisbech), sex, marital status (single, married, and divorced/widowed), occupational status (routine and professional jobs), education level (compulsory, secondary, and university), household income (< £20,000, £20,000–40,000, and > £40,000), smoking status (never, former, and current), energy intake (kcal/day), and physical activity energy expenditure (kcal/day)
^‡Further adjusted for BMI. Results of further adjustment for waist circumference were broadly in line with of the further adjustment for BMI (data not shown)

ISSN: 1741-7015