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Table 2 Multivariate analysis

From: B-type natriuretic peptide trumps other prognostic markers in patients assessed for coronary disease

 

All-cause mortality

Death, MI or stroke

HR

95% CI

p value

HR

95% CI

p value

Main multivariate model*

 Age (per 10 years)

2.29

1.51–3.48

< 0.001

1.63

1.24–2.13

< 0.001

 Male gender

1.82

0.86–3.82

0.12

1.91

1.10–3.33

0.022

 Prior myocardial infarction

1.71

0.85–3.44

0.13

1.60

0.98–2.61

0.06

 Diabetes

1.13

0.55–2.32

0.74

1.34

0.82–2.18

0.24

 Smoking

1.39

0.63–3.10

0.41

1.39

0.78–2.47

0.26

 Presence of impaired left ventricular function

1.32

0.63–2.77

0.46

1.22

0.72–2.08

0.46

 Extent of angiographic CAD (per vessel with ≥ 50%)

1.03

0.77–1.39

0.84

0.90

0.72–1.13

0.38

 Revascularization

0.45

0.23–0.87

0.018

1.18

0.73–1.91

0.49

 Cholesterol (per 1 mmol/L)

1.09

0.79–1.49

0.60

1.14

0.91–1.42

0.26

 Systolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg)

0.99

0.98–1.01

0.36

0.99

0.98–1.01

0.36

 BNP (per log unit)

2.15

1.45–3.19

< 0.001

1.27

1.04–1.54

0.018

Additional risk markers†

 Pulse wave analysis

  Central augmentation pressure (per 1 mmHg)

0.97

0.93–1.02

0.27

1.00

0.97–1.04

0.92

  Central augmentation index (per 1%)

0.98

0.95–1.01

0.26

1.00

0.98–1.02

0.89

  Central pulse pressure (per 1 mmHg)

0.98

0.93–1.04

0.59

1.00

0.96–1.04

0.88

 Heart rate variability

  Standard deviation of RR intervals (per log ms)

0.88

0.57–1.37

0.58

0.91

0.67–1.26

0.58

  Low-frequency power (per log ms2)

0.97

0.81–1.15

0.70

0.97

0.85–1.10

0.59

  Total frequency power (per log ms2)

0.95

0.78–1.15

0.58

0.95

0.82–1.09

0.45

  Low to high-frequency power ratio (per log unit)

1.00

0.73–1.38

0.99

0.96

0.78–1.18

0.72

 Other biomarkers

  High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (per 1 mg/L)

1.11

0.85–1.46

0.43

1.00

0.84–1.20

0.98

  Estimated glomerular filtration rate (per 10 mL/min)

0.94

0.81–1.09

0.40

0.99

0.90–1.08

0.76

 Conventional risk scores‡

  Framingham 10-year risk (per log unit) ⁋

1.69

1.19–2.41

0.004

1.64

1.00–2.68

0.049

  SCORE 10-year risk (per log unit)⁑

1.41

1.14–1.74

0.002

1.59

1.16–2.17

0.004

  1. *Also adjusted for statin therapy, diastolic blood pressure and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone antagonists
  2. †Variables separately added to the main multivariate model. Age and BNP remained significantly associated with outcomes in all models
  3. ‡Modified model that includes the risk score, prior MI, extent of angiographic CAD, impaired left ventricular function, BNP, use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone antagonists, use of statin therapy and revascularization on follow-up, but not the components of the risk score
  4. ⁋pinteraction for baseline cardiovascular disease = 0.76 for all-cause mortality and 0.50 for death, MI or stroke
  5. ⁑pinteraction for baseline cardiovascular disease = 0.96 for all-cause mortality and 0.74 for death, MI or stroke
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