Table 2 Top five most commonly reported pathogens in South-eastern Asia, stratified by time period
1980 to ≤ 1990 | 1991 to ≤ 2000 | 2001 to ≤ 2010 | 2011 to ≤ 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Burkholderia pseudomallei (n = 11) | Burkholderia pseudomallei (n = 16) | Burkholderia pseudomallei (n = 34) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 26) |
Staphylococcus aureus (n = 9) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 15) | Escherichia coli (n = 32) | Escherichia coli (n = 26) | |
Escherichia coli (n = 8) | Escherichia coli (n = 14) | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 29) | Burkholderia pseudomallei (n = 25) | |
Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (n = 7) | Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 13) | Salmonella Typhi (n = 25) | Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 18) | |
Orientia tsutsugamushi (n = 7) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 10) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 23) | Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 16) | |
Viruses | Dengue virus (n = 13) | Dengue virus (n = 31) | Dengue virus (n = 86) | Dengue virus (n = 42) |
Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 3) | Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 5) | Chikungunya virus (n = 14) | Chikungunya virus (n = 13) | |
Human cytomegalovirus (n = 2) | Nipah virus (n = 3) | Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 10) | Hepatitis B virus (n = 5) | |
Hantavirus (n = 2) | Human herpesvirus 6 (n = 3) | Hepatitis C virus (n = 10) | Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 4) | |
Hantaan virus (n = 2) | Hepatitis C virus (n = 2) | Hepatitis B virus (n = 8) | Human herpes simplex virus (n = 4) | |
Parasites | Naegleria fowleri (n = 1) | Trichinella spp. (n = 2) | Trichinella spiralis (n = 2) | Trichinella spp. (n = 3) |
– | Toxoplasma gondii (n = 1) | Angiostrongylus cantonensis (n = 2) | Toxoplasma gondii (n = 1) | |
– | Toxocara canis (n = 1) | Trypanosoma spp. (n = 1) | Leishmania siamensis (n = 1) | |
– | Cysticercus spp. (n = 1) | Trypanosoma lewisi (n = 1) | Leishmania martiniquensis (n = 1) | |
– | – | Toxoplasma spp. (n = 1) | Gnathostoma spp. (n = 1) | |
Fungi | Cryptococcus neoformans (n = 2) | Cryptococcus neoformans (n = 3) | Cryptococcus neoformans (n = 6) | Candida spp. (n = 10) |
Penicillium marneffei (n = 1) | Prototheca wickerhamii (n = 1) | Candida spp. (n = 4) | Candida albicans (n = 6) | |
Cryptococcus laurentii (n = 1) | Histoplasma capsulatum (n = 1) | Candida tropicalis (n = 2) | Cryptococcus spp. (n = 4) | |
Cryptococcus albidus (n = 1) | Hansenula anomala (n = 1) | Candida albicans (n = 2) | Penicillium spp. (n = 2) | |
Candida spp. (n = 1) | Geotrichum candidum (n = 1) | Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (n = 1) | Cryptococcus neoformans (n = 2) |