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Table 3 Association of CVHI score with common CIMT (μm) in women and men in the combined AWI-Gen sample and by countries

From: Poor cardiovascular health is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in apparently healthy sub-Saharan African populations: an H3Africa AWI-Gen study

 

All countries

Burkina Faso

Ghana

Kenya

South Africa

β [95% CI]

β [95% CI]

β [95% CI]

β [95% CI]

β [95% CI]

Combined sample

 Model 1

− 7.39 [−8.49, −6.27]

− 6.48 [− 9.80, − 3.16]

− 5.42 [− 8.89, − 1.94]

− 6.79 [− 9.24, − 4.35]

− 8.31 [− 10.1, − 6.52]

 Model 2

− 7.15 [− 7.89, − 6.41]

− 6.43 [− 9.76, − 3.09]

− 5.46 [− 8.94, − 1.97]

− 6.66 [− 9.12, − 4.19]

− 7.66 [− 9.47, − 5.85]

 Model 3

− 7.22 [− 8.04, − 6.39]

− 6.51 [− 9.83, − 3.19]

− 5.42 [− 8.91, − 1.94]

− 6.57 [− 9.05, − 4.10]

−7.85 [− 9.65, − 6.05]

 Model 4

− 7.11 [− 7.74, − 6.48]

− 6.42 [− 9.75, − 3.09]

− 5.51 [− 8.99, − 2.02]

− 6.63 [− 9.10, − 4.16]

− 7.49 [− 9.31, − 5.68]

Women

 Model 1

− 5.98 [− 7.44, − 4.52]

− 2.05 [− 7.73, 3.62]

− 6.04 [− 10.60, − 1.46]

− 6.81 [− 10.2, − 3.43]

− 6.89 [− 9.69, − 4.10]

 Model 2

− 5.85 [− 7.00, − 4.71]

− 2.18 [− 7.98, 3.62]

− 6.59 [− 11.20, − 1.96]

− 7.05 [− 10.50, − 3.64]

− 6.62 [− 9.39, − 3.86]

 Model 3

− 4.87 [− 5.69, − 4.05]

− 2.83 [− 8.63, 2.97]

− 6.64 [− 11.30, − 1.96]

− 7.05 [− 10.50, − 3.59]

− 6.65 [− 9.44, − 3.86]

 Model 4

− 5.93 [− 7.02, − 4.85]

− 2.29 [− 8.10, 3.53]

− 6.79 [− 11.40, − 2.15]

− 7.16 [− 10.60, − 3.71]

− 6.52 [− 9.34, − 3.69]

Men

 Model 1

− 7.83 [− 9.79, − 5.86]

− 8.62 [− 12.7, − 4.52]

− 4.69 [− 10.1, 0.66]

− 6.66 [− 10.20, − 3.15]

− 9.36 [− 11.70, − 7.01]

 Model 2

− 7.42 [− 9.21, − 5.63]

− 8.25 [− 12.4, − 4.14]

− 4.56 [− 9.91, 0.79]

− 6.51 [− 10.00, − 2.99]

− 8.84 [− 11.20, − 6.44]

 Model 3

− 5.68 [− 6.57, − 4.80]

− 8.33 [− 12.4, − 4.22]

− 4.38 [− 9.67, 0.92]

− 6.55 [− 10.10, − 3.02]

− 9.19 [− 11.60, − 6.80]

 Model 4

− 7.38 [− 9.11, − 5.66]

− 8.18 [− 12.3, − 4.07]

− 4.47 [− 9.81, 0.87]

− 6.42 [− 9.93, − 2.91]

− 8.71 [− 11.10, − 6.32]

  1. Effect measured as β-coefficient (change in mean CIMT in μm per unit change in CVHI score); model 1 adjusted for age and sex; model 2 adjusted for age, sex, education status, household SES, and site; model 3 adjusted for self-reported history of stroke, heart attack, congestive heart failure, and chronic kidney disease in addition to model 2; model 4 was adjusted for model 2 plus chronic kidney disease and HIV plus antiretroviral therapy (ART) use; model 1 for women and men were adjusted for only age. CVHI cardiovascular health index, CIMT carotid intima-media thickness