Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
From: Associations of thiazide use with skin cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
First author, year (country) | Data sources | Study design | Case/exposed group (n) | Control/non-exposed group (n) | NOS score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | C | E/Oa | |||||
Tiba, 2022 (Brazil) [38] | Brazilian Association of Dermatology | Case control | NMSC (31) | Unaffected population (58) | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Habel, 2021 (USA) [36] | Kaiser Permanente Northern California | Case control | Melanoma (MM: 9176; SSM: 2241; NM: 477; LMM: 377) | Unaffected population (MM: 264,781; SSM: 63,396; NM: 14,322; LM: 12,352) | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Adalsteinsson, 2021 (Iceland) [13] | National Register of Iceland | Case control | BCC (4700); SCC (1013) | Unaffected population (BCC:47,292; SCC:10,367) | 4 | 1 | 3 |
León-Muñoz, 2021 (Spain) [37] | Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) | Case control | KC (75,096); melanoma (8235) | Unaffected population (KC: 739,004); melanoma (79,843) | 4 | 2 | 3 |
Base de Datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atencion Primaria (BIFAP) | BCC (26,200); SCC (4863); melanoma (4661) | Unaffected population (BCC: 262,000; SCC: 48,630; melanoma: 46,610) | |||||
Daniels, 2020 (Australia) [14] | New South Wales Cancer Registry, Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme | Case control | Melanoma (MM: 659; SSM: 199; NM: 137; LMM: 134) | Unaffected population (MM:12,446; SSM:4197; NM:3050; LM:3044) | 4 | 2 | 3 |
Morales, 2020 (UK) [40] | The Health Improvement Network | Case control | BCC (89,088); SCC (7560); melanoma (11,185) | Unaffected population (BCC: 1,781,712; SCC:151,194; melanoma: 223,700) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Yeon, 2020 (Korea) [43] | National Health Insurance claim data | Case control | NMSC (4098) | Unaffected population (6467) | 3 | 1 | 3 |
Pedersen, 2019 (Denmark) [39] | Multi-registers and registration system b | Case control | MCC (97) | Unaffected population (1857) | 4 | 2 | 3 |
Pottegård, 2019 (Taiwan) [11] | Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) | Case control | NMSC (23,703); melanoma (5192) | Unaffected population (NMSC: 237,030; melanoma: 51,920) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
Pottegård, 2018 (Denmark) [6] | NA (letter) | Case control | Melanoma (MM: 19,273; SSM: 13,781; NM: 1695; LMM: 500) | Cancer-free population (MM: 192,730; SSM: 137,810; NM: 16,950; LM: 5000) | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Pedersen, 2018 (Denmark) [7] | Multi-registers and registration systemb | Case control | BCC (71,553); SCC (8629) | Unaffected population (BCC: 1,430,883; SCC: 172,462) | 4 | 2 | 3 |
de Vries, 2012 (Several countries c) [ 41] | Multi-centre records from 8 countries | Case control | BCC (94); SCC (99); melanoma (33) | Unrelated to skin cancer (136) | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Jensen, 2008 (Denmark) [42] | Danish Cancer Registry, Civil Registration System | Case control | Melanoma (1010) | Unaffected population (4040) | 4 | 1 | 3 |
de Haan-Du J, 2021 (Netherlands) [46] | Netherlands Cancer Registry, and the Dutch Personal Records Database | Cohort | Hydrochlorothiazide (11,165) | Other antihypertensive medicine users (59,329) | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Eworuke, 2021 (USA) [45] | US Food and Drug Administration’s Sentinel System | Cohort | Hydrochlorothiazide (5,211,321) | Other antihypertensive medicine users (ACEi, 5,211,321) | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Schneider, 2021 (UK) [10] | UK-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) | Cohort | Hydrochlorothiazide, bendroflumethiazide, indapamide (271,154) | Other antihypertensive medicine users (CCB, 275,263) | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Lee, 2020 (Korea) [12] | Observational Health Data Sciences (3 medical centres)d | Cohort | Hydrochlorothiazide (149,599) | Other antihypertensive medicine users (517,749) | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Kaae, 2010 (Denmark) [44] | Danish Cancer Register, Civil Registration System | Cohort | Bendroflumethiazide (NA) | Never use of the bendroflumethiazide (NA) | 2 | 2 | 2 |