Table 1 Study countries by income group (according to World Bank 2022 income group classifications), presented with descriptive and financial risk protection indicators for the year of the country’s NHA, unless otherwise indicated in parentheses. The presented health expenditure indicators report aggregate (i.e., not disease- or wealth quintile-specific) estimates at the national level. Data are available from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI) database

Low-income

 Afghanistan

2014

$558

-

5.0%

$3

73.1%

$38

 Burkina Faso

2016

$602

47.3 (2018)^a

40.1%

$15

31.4%

$11

 Burundi

2013

$230

38.6

18.0%

$4

21.1%

$4

 Cambodia

2014

$903

-

18.5%

$12

58.6%

$38

 Congo, Democratic Republic of the

2018

$443

42.1 (2012)^a

15.1%

$2

41.6%

$7

 Ethiopia

2011

$345

35.0 (2015)^a

8.5%

$1

46.5%

$6

 Gambia, Republic of the

2015

$549

35.9

31.4%

$6

23.4%

$4

 Guinea

2014

$655

29.6 (2018)^a

12.8%

$4

58.4%

$19

 Malawi

2015

$310

38.5 (2019)^a

28.6%

$9

11.0%

$3

 Mali

2014

$717

36.1 (2018)^a

19.9%

$7

33.6%

$11

 Mozambique

2015

$567

54.0 (2014)^a

27.0%

$9

11.3%

$4

 Nepal

2016

$779

32.8 (2010)^a

18.6%

$8

55.4%

$24

 Niger

2015

$496

37.3 (2018)^a

20.8%

$5

51.7%

$12

 Sierra Leone

2013

$585

35.7 (2018)^a

7.0%

$5

62.9%

$46

 Tanzania

2015

$868

40.5 (2018)^a

34.4%

$10

25.8%

$8

 Uganda

2016

$709

42.8

15.7%

$5

38.6%

$14

 Zimbabwe

2010

$620

50.3 (2019)^a

26.3%

$23

34.4%

$30

Lower-middle-income

 Armenia

2016

$3330

32.5

16.5%

$52

80.6%

$255

 Benin

2013

$1081

37.8 (2018)^a

26.7%

$8

42.3%

$13

 Cabo Verde

2016

$2772

42.4 (2015)^a

63.6%

$85

28.7%

$39

 Cameroon

2011

$1258

46.6 (2014)^a

14.9%

$7

69.7%

$35

 Congo, Republic of the

2015

$2746

48.9 (2011)^a

45.5%

$24

32.5%

$17

 Côte D’Ivoire

2014

$1789

37.2 (2018)^a

20.8%

$15

51.1%

$36

 Ghana

2015

$1718

43.5 (2016)^a

35.1%

$25

35.8%

$26

 Haiti

2014

$1267

41.1 (2012)^a

10.4%

$6

31.0%

$18

 Kenya

2016

$1293

40.8 (2015)^a

42.8%

$27

25.0%

$16

 Lao People’s Democratic Republic

2012

$1213

36.0

21.0%

$6

48.6%

$14

 Myanmar

2018

$1081

30.7 (2017)^a

14.8%

$8

76.4%

$40

 Nigeria

2016

$2152

35.1 (2018)^a

13.0%

$9

75.2%

$53

 Samoa

2015

$3508

38.7 (2013)^a

79.1%

$156

11.5%

$23

 São Tomé & Príncipe

2013

$1267

40.7 (2017)^a

33.5%

$37

14.3%

$16

 Senegal

2013

$1187

38.1 (2018)^a

26.7%

$14

55.2%

$29

 Tajikistan

2013

$1178

34.0 (2015)^a

29.1%

$18

61.9%

$38

 Viet Nam

2015

$2179

35.7 (2018)^a

41.8%

$44

43.5%

$45