Fig. 5

Further drug screening suggested metformin, BMS754807, panobinostat and AT9283 as four top hits with common suppressive efficacy on HRCA-PDO growth. A Chemosensitivities of 12 compounds (including ten potential hits and two control drugs) to 14 HRCA-PDO lines were evaluated in the form of dose-response curves. AUC was calculated from the raw dose–response curves, normalized and displayed as violin plot; the red dashed line and green dashed lines represent the mean and upper and lower quartiles, respectively. All data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). B Z-stacks screening demonstrated the effects of the tested drugs on the size and budding of organoids (P4). White scale bar, 200 μm. The red arrows indicate buddings. C The diameters of the organoids with different treatments were analyzed by Image J for comparisons. All data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 20-34) and subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. * indicates P < 0.05 and *** indicates P < 0.001 versus control group