Table 2 GAM results: associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and smoking outcomes, overall and by social grade
Overall | Social grades ABC1 (more advantaged) | Social grades C2DE (less advantaged) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% change | 95% CI | % change | 95% CI | % change | 95% CI | ||||
Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | ||||
Current smoking1a | |||||||||
Pre-pandemic trend (year*) | − 5.2 | − 7.3 | − 3.0 | − 9.5 | − 12.7 | − 6.1 | − 3.1 | − 5.9 | − 0.1 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | 8.0 | 2.2 | 14.1 | 20.1 | 10.1 | 31.0 | 2.7 | − 4.7 | 10.6 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | 5.2 | 1.4 | 9.0 | 14.5 | 8.3 | 21.1 | 0.3 | − 4.5 | 5.4 |
Current smoking among young adults2a | |||||||||
Pre-pandemic trend (year*) | − 10.5 | − 15.4 | − 5.4 | − 12.4 | − 19.1 | − 5.2 | − 9.1 | − 16.2 | − 1.4 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | 34.9 | 17.7 | 54.7 | 36.9 | 12.7 | 66.3 | 34.2 | 10.1 | 63.6 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | 7.2 | − 1.8 | 17.1 | 13.8 | 0.4 | 29.0 | 1.8 | − 10.4 | 15.8 |
Current smoking among middle-aged adults3a | |||||||||
Pre-pandemic trend (year*) | − 5.7 | − 9.3 | − 1.9 | − 11.7 | − 17.2 | − 5.8 | − 2.6 | − 7.6 | 2.6 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | − 13.6 | − 21.9 | − 4.4 | 6.9 | − 9.1 | 25.7 | − 22.4 | − 32.6 | − 10.7 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | 9.6 | 2.5 | 17.2 | 17.1 | 5.5 | 30.0 | 5.8 | − 3.6 | 16.2 |
Cessation4b | |||||||||
Pre-pandemic trend (year*) | − 16.1 | − 23.9 | − 7.4 | − 7.4 | − 18.0 | 4.7 | − 24.5 | − 35.5 | − 11.6 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | 120.4 | 79.4 | 170.9 | 77.0 | 37.1 | 128.6 | 174.2 | 96.9 | 281.8 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | 21.9 | 7.9 | 37.9 | 3.2 | − 11.8 | 20.7 | 45.4 | 20.0 | 76.2 |
Past-year quit attempt4a | |||||||||
Pre-pandemic trend (year*) | − 8.2 | − 11.7 | − 4.5 | − 6.7 | − 11.7 | − 1.5 | − 9.0 | − 13.8 | − 3.8 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | 41.7 | 29.7 | 54.7 | 34.9 | 19.3 | 52.7 | 46.0 | 29.0 | 65.4 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | 7.4 | 1.6 | 13.6 | 1.8 | − 6.0 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 3.1 | 20.6 |
Number of past-year quit attempts5a** | |||||||||
Pre-pandemic trend (year*) | 3.0 | 0.3 | 5.8 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 8.1 | 2.0 | − 1.9 | 6.1 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | − 3.0 | − 8.9 | 3.2 | − 10.7 | − 17.9 | − 2.9 | 3.4 | − 5.6 | 13.3 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | − 0.3 | − 4.2 | 3.8 | 2.3 | − 3.1 | 8.1 | − 1.9 | − 7.4 | 4.0 |
Use of prescription medication5b | |||||||||
Time series trend (year*) | 5.2 | − 11.0 | 24.4 | 21.6 | − 6.7 | 58.4 | 1.3 | − 18.9 | 26.6 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | 28.6 | − 11.3 | 86.5 | − 23.1 | − 58.5 | 40.3 | 49.9 | − 7.5 | 142.8 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | − 15.5 | − 33.8 | 8.0 | − 14.0 | − 42.0 | 27.5 | − 17.4 | − 39.9 | 13.5 |
Use of behavioural support5b | |||||||||
Time series trend (year*) | − 16.2 | − 30.4 | 0.9 | − 21.0 | − 39.2 | 2.6 | − 12.4 | − 33.0 | 14.3 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | 133.0 | 55.3 | 249.6 | 120.4 | 21.2 | 300.8 | 136.3 | 34.2 | 316.1 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | 3.2 | − 19.6 | 32.6 | 11.8 | − 22.3 | 60.7 | − 2.0 | − 31.0 | 39.1 |
Use of e-cigarettes5b | |||||||||
Time series trend (year*) | − 4.1 | − 10.2 | 2.5 | − 0.9 | − 10.2 | 9.3 | − 5.9 | − 14.1 | 3.0 |
Pre vs. post step-level change | − 21.2 | − 33.4 | − 6.8 | − 28.9 | − 44.8 | − 8.5 | − 15.9 | − 33.0 | 5.6 |
Pre vs. post Δ trend (year*) | 23.2 | 11.1 | 36.5 | 24.1 | 6.1 | 45.2 | 22.5 | 6.7 | 40.8 |