Fig. 5

Biological processes associated with the radiomic signature for predicting post-radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis. A Expression of the top 50 positively and negatively ranked genes for the radiomic signature based on 29 cases (7 high-risk vs 22 low-risk patients) recruited from the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre. The genes were clustered based on the correlation distance metric. B Significantly enriched gene sets from the Gene ontology (GO) collection using ClusterProfiler of the ranked genes. C GO-based fibroblast associated processes enriched with the radiomics signature. D GO-based vascularity associated processes enriched with the radiomics signature. E Heatmap of the GO-based single-sample enrichment scores in individual samples. F Spearman rank correlation coefficient matrix of the GO-based single-sample enrichment scores and the individual radiomic features included in the signature. *Statistical significance (P < 0.05). G Visualization of association between the shape feature (Sphericity) extracted from pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tissue fibrosis. H Visualization of association between the texture feature (Run Entropy) extracted from pre-treatment MRI and tissue vascularity. NES normalized enrichment score, EC endothelial cell, VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, FGFR fibroblast growth factor receptor