Non-smoker | Non-sustained | Sustained | Unknown | Total | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | N = 8754 | N = 963 | N = 3713 | N = 1781 | N = 15,211 | |
Sex | 0.022 | |||||
N-Miss | 22 | 1 | 7 | 487 | 517 | |
Male | 4460 (51.1%) | 476 (49.5%) | 1987 (53.6%) | 650 (50.2%) | 7573 (51.5%) | |
Female | 4272 (48.9%) | 486 (50.5%) | 1719 (46.4%) | 644 (49.8%) | 7121 (48.5%) | |
Ethnicity | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 165 | 21 | 122 | 683 | 991 | |
Caucasian | 8166 (95.1%) | 891 (94.6%) | 3369 (93.8%) | 981 (89.3%) | 13,407 (94.3%) | |
Other | 423 (4.9%) | 51 (5.4%) | 222 (6.2%) | 117 (10.7%) | 813 (5.7%) | |
Gestational age | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 2 | 0 | 1 | 589 | 592 | |
Mean (SD) | 39.3 (2.4) | 39.5 (2.1) | 39.2 (2.5) | 28.0 (13.8) | 38.4 (5.5) | |
Range | 9.0—44.0 | 18.0—47.0 | 10.0—46.0 | 4.0—45.0 | 4.0—47.0 | |
Birth weight, internal z-score | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 162 | 12 | 80 | 793 | 1047 | |
Mean (SD) | 0.0 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.5) | -0.1 (0.5) | -0.1 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.5) | |
Range | -4.4 | -3.9 | -3.8 | -3.8 | -4.4 | |
Birth length, internal z-score | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 245 | 26 | 132 | 813 | 1216 | |
Mean (SD) | 0.1 (1.6) | 0.4 (1.6) | -0.3 (1.6) | -0.1 (1.4) | 0.0 (1.6) | |
Range | -14.8 | -12 | -13.7 | -9.9 | -14.8 | |
Gestational weight gain | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 1937 | 235 | 1148 | 1608 | 4928 | |
Over | 1771 (26.0%) | 277 (38.0%) | 714 (27.8%) | 48 (27.7%) | 2810 (27.3%) | |
Recommended | 2749 (40.3%) | 278 (38.2%) | 912 (35.6%) | 66 (38.2%) | 4005 (38.9%) | |
Under | 2297 (33.7%) | 173 (23.8%) | 939 (36.6%) | 59 (34.1%) | 3468 (33.7%) | |
Maternal grandmother—ever smoked | ||||||
N-Miss | 455 | 29 | 232 | 1781 | 2497 | |
False | 4280 (51.6%) | 562 (60.2%) | 2373 (68.2%) | 0 | 7215 (56.7%) | |
True | 4019 (48.4%) | 372 (39.8%) | 1108 (31.8%) | 0 | 5499 (43.3%) | |
Maternal grandmother—smoked while pregnant | ||||||
N-Miss | 496 | 32 | 245 | 1781 | 2554 | |
Don’t know | 1178 (14.3%) | 152 (16.3%) | 514 (14.8%) | 0 | 1844 (14.6%) | |
False | 5543 (67.1%) | 610 (65.5%) | 1709 (49.3%) | 0 | 7862 (62.1%) | |
True | 1537 (18.6%) | 169 (18.2%) | 1245 (35.9%) | 0 | 2951 (23.3%) | |
Maternal grandfather—ever smoked | ||||||
N-Miss | 297 | 37 | 396 | 1781 | 2511 | |
False | 6383 (75.5%) | 482 (52.1%) | 1064 (32.1%) | 0 | 7929 (62.4%) | |
True | 2074 (24.5%) | 444 (47.9%) | 2253 (67.9%) | 0 | 4771 (37.6%) | |
Mother’s partner—smoked while pregnant | ||||||
N-Miss | 290 | 12 | 195 | 1781 | 2278 | |
False | 8125 (96.0%) | 863 (90.7%) | 3032 (86.2%) | 0 | 12,020 (92.9%) | |
True | 339 (4.0%) | 88 (9.3%) | 486 (13.8%) | 0 | 913 (7.1%) | |
Others who smoke in household | ||||||
N-Miss | 554 | 45 | 342 | 1781 | 2722 | |
False | 5992 (73.1%) | 731 (79.6%) | 2799 (83.0%) | 0 | 9522 (76.2%) | |
True | 2208 (26.9%) | 187 (20.4%) | 572 (17.0%) | 0 | 2967 (23.8%) | |
Maternal education level at time of pregnancy | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 531 | 76 | 508 | 1534 | 2649 | |
Non-degree | 7359 (89.5%) | 763 (86.0%) | 2464 (76.9%) | 192 (77.7%) | 10,778 (85.8%) | |
Other | 864 (10.5%) | 124 (14.0%) | 741 (23.1%) | 55 (22.3%) | 1784 (14.2%) | |
Maternal financial concerns | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 755 | 105 | 618 | 1581 | 3059 | |
No strain | 7445 (93.1%) | 777 (90.6%) | 2558 (82.6%) | 163 (81.5%) | 10,943 (90.1%) | |
Other | 554 (6.9%) | 81 (9.4%) | 537 (17.4%) | 37 (18.5%) | 1209 (9.9%) | |
Maternal psychopathology | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 246 | 41 | 185 | 1580 | 2052 | |
Denies | 6749 (79.3%) | 644 (69.8%) | 2188 (62.0%) | 141 (70.1%) | 9722 (73.9%) | |
Other | 1759 (20.7%) | 278 (30.2%) | 1340 (38.0%) | 60 (29.9%) | 3437 (26.1%) | |
Maternal substance use in pregnancy | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 34 | 0 | 1 | 1403 | 1438 | |
Denies | 8365 (95.9%) | 914 (94.9%) | 3366 (90.7%) | 377 (99.7%) | 13,022 (94.5%) | |
Other | 355 (4.1%) | 49 (5.1%) | 346 (9.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 751 (5.5%) | |
Neighbourhood quality, ascending quality | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 624 | 57 | 366 | 1170 | 2217 | |
4 | 387 (4.8%) | 53 (5.8%) | 250 (7.5%) | 59 (9.7%) | 749 (5.8%) | |
5 | 331 (4.1%) | 58 (6.4%) | 251 (7.5%) | 41 (6.7%) | 681 (5.2%) | |
6 | 617 (7.6%) | 85 (9.4%) | 359 (10.7%) | 59 (9.7%) | 1120 (8.6%) | |
7 | 849 (10.4%) | 83 (9.2%) | 438 (13.1%) | 64 (10.5%) | 1434 (11.0%) | |
8 | 1102 (13.6%) | 113 (12.5%) | 461 (13.8%) | 92 (15.1%) | 1768 (13.6%) | |
9 | 1670 (20.5%) | 200 (22.1%) | 589 (17.6%) | 90 (14.7%) | 2549 (19.6%) | |
10 | 1993 (24.5%) | 185 (20.4%) | 498 (14.9%) | 104 (17.0%) | 2780 (21.4%) | |
11 | 872 (10.7%) | 87 (9.6%) | 247 (7.4%) | 55 (9.0%) | 1261 (9.7%) | |
Other | 309 (3.8%) | 42 (4.6%) | 254 (7.6%) | 47 (7.7%) | 652 (5.0%) | |
Maternal social status | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 1822 | 243 | 1380 | 1651 | 5096 | |
2 | 2330 (33.6%) | 203 (28.2%) | 611 (26.2%) | 36 (27.7%) | 3180 (31.4%) | |
3 | 3009 (43.4%) | 318 (44.2%) | 947 (40.6%) | 52 (40.0%) | 4326 (42.8%) | |
Other | 1593 (23.0%) | 199 (27.6%) | 775 (33.2%) | 42 (32.3%) | 2609 (25.8%) | |
Paternal social status | < 0.001 | |||||
N-Miss | 1218 | 184 | 1136 | 1634 | 4172 | |
1 | 1053 (14.0%) | 44 (5.6%) | 100 (3.9%) | 8 (5.4%) | 1205 (10.9%) | |
2 | 2790 (37.0%) | 253 (32.5%) | 662 (25.7%) | 44 (29.9%) | 3749 (34.0%) | |
3 | 858 (11.4%) | 101 (13.0%) | 230 (8.9%) | 10 (6.8%) | 1199 (10.9%) | |
4 | 2047 (27.2%) | 268 (34.4%) | 1089 (42.3%) | 60 (40.8%) | 3464 (31.4%) | |
5 | 620 (8.2%) | 86 (11.0%) | 354 (13.7%) | 18 (12.2%) | 1078 (9.8%) | |
Other | 168 (2.2%) | 27 (3.5%) | 142 (5.5%) | 7 (4.8%) | 344 (3.1%) |