Table 1 The basic characteristics of the included participants
Variables | Total (n = 1665) |
|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | |
Age at enrollment (years) (Mean ± SD) | 26.4 ± 3.6 |
IQ (Mean ± SD) | 96.3 ± 11.0 |
Parity [n (%)] | |
Nulliparous | 1507 (90.5) |
Multipara | 158 (9.5) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 20.9 ± 2.8 |
Maternal metabolic dysfunctions during pregnancy [n (%)] | |
Yes | 285 (17.1) |
No | 1380 (82.9) |
Maternal infection or inflammation conditions during pregnancy [n (%)] | |
Yes | 145 (8.7) |
No | 1520 (91.3) |
Maternal fever during pregnancy [n (%)] | |
Yes | 213(12.8) |
No | 1452(87.2) |
Alcohol use during pregnancy [n (%)] | |
No | 1539 (92.4) |
Yes | 126 (7.6) |
Father’s characteristics | |
Father’s educational levels [n (%)] | |
Junior high school or below | 223 (13.4) |
Senior middle school | 487 (29.2) |
Junior college or above | 955 (57.4) |
Family monthly income per capita, RMB/yuan [n (%)] | |
< 2500 | 440 (26.4) |
≥ 2500 | 1225 (73.6) |
Placental characteristics | |
Placental weight (g) (mean ± SD) | 587.9(167.3) |
Placental efficiency (mean ± SD) | 6.12(1.9) |
Children’s characteristics | |
Sex [n (%)] | |
Boys | 859 (51.6) |
Girls | 806 (48.4) |
Birth weight (g) (mean ± SD) | 3383.5 ± 427.3 |
Gestational weeks (mean ± SD) | 39.1 ± 1.3 |
Preterm birth [n (%)] | 54 (3.2) |
Children’s age at cognition testing (months) (mean ± SD) | 55.4 (6.8) |
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months [n (%)] | |
Yes | 174 (10.5) |
No | 1491 (89.5) |
Main caregivers before 3 years [n (%)] | |
Parents | 857 (51.5) |
Grandparents | 808 (48.5) |
Average screen time per day [n (%)] | |
≤ 1 h/day | 568 (34.1) |
> 1 h/day | 1097 (65.9) |
Average outdoor activity time per day [n (%)] | |
≤ 1 h/day | 402 (24.1) |
> 1 h/day | 1263 (75.9) |