Placental inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and preschool children’s cognitive performance: a birth cohort study in China

Table 3 Associations between placental summary index of cytokines and children’s cognitive performance

Summary index of cytokines	Participants	VCI	VSI	FRI	WMI	PSI	FSIQ
Summary index of cytokines	Participants	Adjusted β (95%CI)
Index 1
	Total^a	-0.17(-0.67,0.33)	-0.34(-0.85,0.18)	-0.34(-0.84,0.16)	-0.20(-0.68,0.29)	0.09(-0.39,0.57)	-0.34(-0.78,0.10)
	Boys^b	-0.07(-0.83,0.68)	-0.35(-1.12,0.41)	-0.36(-1.07,0.36)	-0.55(-1.25,0.16)	-0.05(-0.74,0.63)	-0.53(-1.21,0.14)
	Girls^b	-0.28(-0.93,0.38)	-0.33(-1.02,0.36)	-0.27(-0.96,0.41)	0.16(-0.49,0.82)	0.26(-0.42,0.94)	-0.15(-0.73,0.43)
Index 2
	Total^a	-0.46(-1.03,0.11)	-0.52(-1.11,0.07)	-0.49(-1.05,0.07)	-0.51(-1.06,0.04)	-0.48(-1.02,0.06)	-0.65(-1.16,-0.15)^*
	Boys^b	-0.27(-1.13,0.58)	-0.62(-1.49,0.24)	-0.50(-1.31,0.31)	-1.05(-1.85,-0.25)^**	-0.86(-1.63,-0.08)^*	-0.85(-1.61,-0.09)^*
	Girls^b	-0.66(-1.42,0.09)	-0.47(-1.27,0.33)	-0.47(-1.24,0.30)	0.02(-0.74,0.78)	-0.08(-0.84,0.68)	-0.49(-1.16,0.17)

CI Confidence interval, IL Interleukin, CRP C-reactive protein, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IFN-γ Interferon-gamma, FSIQ Full-scale intelligence quotient, VCI Verbal comprehension index, VSI Visual spatial index, FRI Fluid reasoning index, WMI Working memory index, PSI Processing speed index, Index 1 Integrated index of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4), Index 2 Integrated index of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CRP, and IFN-γ)
^aAdjusted for maternal age, maternal IQ, family monthly income per capita, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, maternal metabolic dysfunctions, maternal fever during pregnancy, maternal infection or inflammation conditions during pregnancy, maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, father’s education level, placental efficiency, and children’s sex
^bAdjusted for maternal age, maternal IQ, family monthly income per capita, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, maternal metabolic dysfunctions, maternal fever during pregnancy, maternal infection or inflammation conditions during pregnancy, maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, father’s education level, and placental efficiency
^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01

ISSN: 1741-7015