Table 1 Baseline descriptive characteristics of the study population

Total

10,394

4.60 (4.68)

t test = 2.00, p = 0.046

 Male

3985 (38.34)

4.72 (4.75)

 Female

6409 (61.66)

4.53 (4.65)

With incident CVD

1313 (12.63)

4.94 (5.26)

t test = − 2.78, p = 0.005

Without incident CVD

9081 (87.37)

4.55 (4.59)

With incident metabolic disorder

728 (7.00)

5.25 (5.21)

t test = − 3.86, p < 0.001

Without incident metabolic disorder

9666 (93.00)

4.55 (4.64)

Educational attainment N = 9507, male = 3706, female = 5801

Compulsory

434 (4.57)

6.10 (5.86)

F value = 56.09, p < 0.001

Secondary

4062 (42.73)

4.88 (4.83)

Higher

5011 (52.71)

4.13 (4.28)

Smoking

N = 9609, male = 3491, female = 6118

Never/just tried

5758 (59.92)

4.14 (4.33)

F value = 74.31, p < 0.001

Occasionally

1763 (18.35)

4.89 (4.80)

Regularly

2088 (21.73)

5.54 (5.30)

Body mass index

N = 10,227, male = 3962, female = 6265

Underweight

283 (2.77)

4.25 (4.34)

F value = 9.87, p < 0.001

Normal weight

7198 (70.38)

4.47 (4.58)

Overweight

2230 (21.81)

4.85 (4.88)

Obese

516 (5.05)

5.44 (5.23)

Physical activity

N = 10,343, male = 3968, female = 6375

Sedentary/low

188 (18.17)

5.29 (5.15)

F value = 14.26, p < 0.001

Moderate

2682 (25.93)

4.52 (4.59)

High

3523 (34.06)

4.37 (4.62)

Vigorous

2252 (21.77)

4.44 (4.40)

Major depression

N = 10,322, male = 3962

female = 6360

With

1071 (10.38)

6.77 (5.84)

t test = − 16.29, p < 0.001

Without

9251 (89.62)

4.34 (4.45)

Generalized anxiety disorder

N = 10,223, male = 3931, female = 6292

With

537 (5.25)

8.30 (6.44)

t test = − 19.41, p < 0.001

Without

9686 (94.75)

4.36 (4.45)

Alcohol dependence,

N = 10,157, male = 3911, female = 6246

With

808 (7.96)

7.24 (5.83)

t test = − 16.82, p < 0.001

Without

9349 (92.04)

4.38 (4.51)