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Table 2 The comparison of the score and frequency of sleep disturbances at baseline and 1- and 2-year follow-ups

From: Longitudinal evolution of sleep disturbances in early multiple system atrophy: a 2‐year prospective cohort study

Time point

PDSS-2 score

p-value

p-value#

Post hoc tests#

ESS score

p-value

p-value#

Post hoc tests#

RBDSQ score

p-value

p-value#

Post hoc tests#

 MSA

            

  Baseline

9.60 ± 6.08

 < 0.001*

0.033*

-

4.81 ± 4.66

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

a,b,c

5.04 ± 3.40

0.010*

0.009*

c

  1-year FU

10.97 ± 7.05

6.41 ± 5.96

5.04 ± 3.01

  2-year FU

12.36 ± 8.51

8.00 ± 6.93

5.97 ± 2.94

 MSA-P

   

α

        

  Baseline

11.13 ± 6.52

0.014*

0.234

-

6.13 ± 5.06

 < 0.001*

0.001*

a,b,c

4.92 ± 3.11

0.004*

0.010*

c

  1-year FU

12.64 ± 7.49

8.16 ± 6.31

4.99 ± 2.88

  2-year FU

14.35 ± 9.53

9.70 ± 7.42

6.11 ± 2.93

 MSA-C

            

  Baseline

8.14 ± 5.27

0.001*

0.026*

b

3.57 ± 3.87

 < 0.001*

0.003*

b

5.15 ± 3.66

0.617

0.409

-

  1-year FU

9.39 ± 6.23

4.76 ± 5.10

5.09 ± 3.15

  2-year FU

10.27 ± 6.80

6.23 ± 5.96

5.82 ± 2.98

 Male MSA

            

  Baseline

8.81 ± 5.63

0.057

0.480

-

5.10 ± 4.78

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

a,b,c

4.96 ± 3.40

0.070

0.098

-

  1-year FU

9.82 ± 6.48

6.95 ± 6.43

4.94 ± 3.11

  2-year FU

10.48 ± 7.83

10.00 ± 7.29

6.02 ± 3.08

 Female MSA

            

  Baseline

10.44 ± 6.46

 < 0.001*

0.021*

b

4.51 ± 4.53

 < 0.001*

0.061

-

5.11 ± 3.40

0.144

0.089

-

  1-year FU

12.22 ± 7.45

5.84 ± 5.38

5.15 ± 2.92

  2-year FU

14.15 ± 8.83

6.09 ± 6.06

5.91 ± 2.84

Time point

Presence of PD-SP

p-value

p-value#

Post hoc tests#

Presence of EDS

p-value

p-value#

Post hoc tests#

Presence of RBD

p-value

p-value#

Post hoc tests#

 MSA

            

  Baseline

32 (14.5%)

0.001*

0.108

-

39 (17.7%)

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

a,b,c

114 (51.8%)

0.152

0.093

-

  1-year FU

46 (20.9%)

71 (32.3%)

121 (55.0%)

  2-year FU

24 (26.7%)

34 (37.8%)

59 (65.6%)

 MSA-P

            

  Baseline

22 (20.6%)

0.026*

0.232

-

27 (25.2%)

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

a

55 (51.4%)

0.063

0.162

-

  1-year FU

29 (27.1%)

46 (43.0%)

58 (54.2%)

  2-year FU

17 (37.0%)

22 (47.8%)

32 (69.6%)

 MSA-C

            

  Baseline

10 (8.8%)

0.041*

0.160

-

12 (10.6%)

 < 0.001*

0.002*

a

59 (52.2%)

0.783

0.209

-

  1-year FU

17 (15.0%)

25 (22.1%)

63 (55.8%)

  2-year FU

7 (15.9%)

12 (27.3%)

27 (61.4%)

 Male MSA

            

  Baseline

13 (11.4%)

0.127

0.878

-

24 (21.1%)

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

a,b,c

57 (50.0%)

0.257

0.530

-

  1-year FU

15 (13.2%)

42 (36.8%)

60 (52.6%)

  2-year FU

8 (18.2%)

22 (50.0%)

30 (68.2%)

 Female MSA

            

  Baseline

19 (17.9%)

0.003*

0.022*

a

15 (14.2%)

 < 0.001*

0.002*

a

57 (53.8%)

0.546

0.080

-

  1-year FU

31 (29.2%)

29 (27.4%)

61 (57.5%)

  2-year FU

16 (34.8%)

12 (26.1%)

29 (63.0%)

  1. MSA multiple system atrophy, MSA-P multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism, MSA-C multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia, PDSS-2 Parkinson’s disease sleep scale-2, ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, RBDSQ rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire, PD-SP Parkinson’s disease-related sleep problems, EDS excessive daytime sleepiness, RBD rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, FU follow-up
  2. *Significant difference
  3. #Adjusting for age and LEDD
  4. Post hoc tests (Bonferroni correction):
  5. Baseline vs 1-year follow-up: a, significant
  6. Baseline vs 2-year follow-up: b, significant
  7. 1- vs 2-year follow-up: c, significant
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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