Fig. 5From: Genetically predicted plasma levels of amino acids and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease risk: a Mendelian randomization studyPDFF difference (SD) per SD change in amino acids. PDFF measured in the UKB was used as a continuous outcome proxying for MAFLD to validate the primary MR analysis results. CI, confidence intervals; IV, instrumental variable; IVW, inverse variance weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; P, p value; PDFF, proton density fat fraction; SD, standard deviation; UKB, UK BiobankBack to article page