Table 1 Key characteristics of included studies
Author, year | Study design | Country | Sample size included in analysis | GA of participants at time of sample collection (weeks) | Sample | Test and culture medium | Location of self-collection | GBS prevalence on self-collection | GBS prevalence on provider-collection | Funding sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arya 2008 [17] | Cross-sectional study | Ireland | 600 | 35–37 | Ano-vaginal swabs | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 9.80% | 11.00% | Not documented |
Camus 2021 [31] | Non-inferiority randomised cross-over trial | France | 224 | 7–41 | Vaginal swabs | Culture: direct plating only | Clinic | 8.90% | 8.00% | Material or financial support from company |
Chen 2021 [32] | Cross-sectional study | China | 520 | 35–40 | Rectovaginal swabs | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 4.80% | 3.45% | No conflicts of interest reported |
Cross-sectional study | US | 251 | 24- 42 | Vaginal and rectal swabs | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 17.50% | 13.50% | Not documented | |
Molnar 1997 [33] | Cross-sectional study | Canada | 163 | 26–28 | Vaginal-anorectal swabs | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 23.31% | 19.63% | Not documented |
Nebreda-Martin 2022 [34] | Cross-sectional study | Spain | 189 | 35–37 | Vaginal-rectal swab | Culture: direct plating only (71% of samples); enriched culture medium (29% of samples) | Home | 13.61% | 14.08% | No conflicts of interest reported |
Price 2006 [19] | Randomised cross-over trial | Canada | 330 | 35–37 | Vaginal-rectal swab | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 17.00% | 18.80% | No conflicts of interest reported |
Salvesen 1999 [35] | Cross-sectional study | Norway | 80 |  > 37 | Vaginal-anorectal swabs | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 33.00% | 21.00% | Not documented |
Seto 2019 [36] | Randomised cross-over trial | Hong Kong | 422 | 35–37 | Vaginal and rectal swabs | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 12.10% | 19.20% | Not documented |
Spieker 1999 [37] | Non-randomised cross-over study | US | 240 | 28 | Rectovaginal swabs | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 7.90% | 8.30% | Not documented |
Torok 2000 [39] | Randomised cross-over trial | US | 250 | 35–37 | Anogenital swabs | Culture: enriched culture medium | Clinic | 14.00% | 16.00% | Not documented |