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Table 2 Liner regression analyses of mothers’ glycemic level with child amino acids at mid-childhood

From: Maternal glycemic status during pregnancy and mid-childhood plasma amino acid profiles: findings from a multi-ethnic Asian birth cohort

 

Raw model

Adjusted model 1

Adjusted model 2

 

Effect size (95% CI)

p

Effect size (95% CI)

p

Effect size (95% CI)

p

Fasting glucose

 Alanine

0.02 (− 0.07, 0.12)

0.64

0.02 (− 0.08, 0.13)

0.63

0.01 (− 0.09, 0.11)

0.87

 Glutamine

0.08 (− 0.02, 0.18)

0.10

0.06 (− 0.04, 0.16)

0.22

0.06 (− 0.04, 0.16)

0.23

 Glycine

 − 0.00 (− 0.10, 0.09)

0.96

 − 0.00 (− 0.10, 0.10)

0.99

0.00 (− 0.10, 0.11)

0.93

 Histidine

0.05 (− 0.05, 0.14)

0.34

0.05 (− 0.05, 0.16)

0.32

0.06 (− 0.05, 0.16)

0.30

 Isoleucine

0.09 (− 0.00, 0.19)

0.06

0.10 (− 0.01, 0.20)

0.07

0.08 (− 0.03, 0.18)

0.14

 Leucine

0.08 (− 0.01, 0.18)

0.09

0.08 (− 0.02, 0.18)

0.13

0.06 (− 0.04, 0.16)

0.27

 Valine

0.13 (0.03, 0.23)

0.01

0.14 (0.04, 0.24)

0.01

0.12 (0.02, 0.22)

0.02

 Total BCAAs

0.12 (0.02, 0.22)

0.02

0.12 (0.02, 0.22)

0.02

0.10 (− 0.00, 0.20)

0.05

 Phenylalanine

0.09 (− 0.01, 0.18)

0.07

0.09 (− 0.01, 0.19)

0.08

0.06 (− 0.04, 0.15)

0.26

 Tyrosine

0.10 (0.01, 0.20)

0.04

0.07 (− 0.03, 0.18)

0.14

0.05 (− 0.05, 0.15)

0.31

 Aromatic AAs

0.12 (0.02, 0.21)

0.02

0.10 (− 0.00, 0.20)

0.05

0.06 (− 0.03, 0.16)

0.19

Two-hour glucose

 Alanine

 − 0.06 (− 0.16, 0.03)

0.20

 − 0.02 (− 0.13, 0.08)

0.65

 − 0.02 (− 0.12, 0.08)

0.67

 Glutamine

 − 0.05 (− 0.15, 0.04)

0.28

 − 0.04 (− 0.14, 0.06)

0.41

 − 0.04 (− 0.14, 0.06)

0.47

 Glycine

 − 0.06 (− 0.16, 0.04)

0.23

 − 0.06 (− 0.17, 0.04)

0.23

 − 0.06 (− 0.16, 0.05)

0.27

 Histidine

0.10 (0.00, 0.20)

0.04

0.12 (0.01, 0.22)

0.03

0.13 (0.02, 0.23)

0.02

 Isoleucine

0.08 (− 0.01, 0.18)

0.09

0.10 (0.00, 0.21)

0.05

0.10 (0.00, 0.21)

0.05

 Leucine

0.15 (0.06, 0.25)

0.00

0.15 (0.04, 0.25)

0.01

0.14 (0.04, 0.24)

0.01

 Valine

0.13 (0.04, 0.23)

0.01

0.13 (0.03, 0.24)

0.01

0.13 (0.03, 0.23)

0.01

 Total BCAAs

0.14 (0.04, 0.24)

0.01

0.14 (0.04, 0.24)

0.01

0.14 (0.04, 0.24)

0.01

 Phenylalanine

0.06 (− 0.03, 0.16)

0.20

0.09 (− 0.02, 0.19)

0.10

0.09 (− 0.01, 0.19)

0.07

 Tyrosine

0.04 (− 0.06, 0.14)

0.43

0.04 (− 0.06, 0.14)

0.47

0.05 (− 0.05, 0.14)

0.36

 Aromatic AAs

0.06 (− 0.04, 0.16)

0.22

0.07 (− 0.03, 0.17)

0.17

0.08 (− 0.02, 0.18)

0.11

  1. Adjusted model 1 covariates: maternal age, child ethnicity, mothers’ highest education, parity, family history of diabetes, child sex, and pre-pregnancy body mass index
  2. Adjusted model 2 covariates: model 1 further added in child year-6 body mass index z-score and age
  3. A significant P-value (two-tailed) was defined as < 0.05